Understanding and changing wildlife consumption behavior from a multidisciplinary perspective

doi:10.17520/biods.2020135

Abstract

Abstract:

Escalating global demand for wildlife products and consequential illegal wildlife trade has become one of the major threats to biodiversity conservation. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, growing public health risks of wildlife trade and consumption have triggered widespread public concern. In this review, we adopt a multidisciplinary perspective, including sociology, psychology, behavioral science and other disciplines, to understand the motivations for wildlife consumption in China, and to propose scientifically guided behavioral change countermeasures. The current state of wildlife consumption in China reveals certain functional, social, experiential and other non-essential needs of wildlife as major drivers of consumption, which are affected by a host of complex factors. Based on our understanding of the drivers of demand, we suggest using behavioral change frameworks, and a variety of behavioral change methods, including education, social influence, regulation and nudging, to effectively influence and change wildlife consumption behavior. For effective implementation of behavioral change strategies, collaboration needs to be strengthened, both among and across diverse disciplines, actors and scales of interest.

Key words: illegal wildlife trade, drivers of demand, demand reduction, behavioral change, multidisciplinary collaboration

Zhijian Liang, Jiabei Hu, Sifan Hu, Jingjing Zhao, Kaiwen Zhou, Yunbo Jiao, Cheng Huang, Xia He, Anita Kar Yan Wan, Lishu Li, Fangyuan Hua, Tien Ming Lee. Understanding and changing wildlife consumption behavior from a multidisciplinary perspective[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(5): 606-620.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020135

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I5/606

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References 110

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	[ 朱晓雷, 孙振中, 李娜, 王璐, 刘可君 (2013) 基层野生动物保护宣传工作的探索与思考. 河南林业科技, 33(1), 60-62.]

贸易链 Trade chains	利益方类型 Category	说明 Description
供货方 Suppliers	生计型 Subsistence	满足自身基本物质需求 Non-commercial harvest for household or local use
	商业导向型 Specialist commercial	利用专业工具或技术、商业目的捕猎、养殖 Harvest and breed with an explicit commercial orientation that often involves specialist skills or technologies
	机会主义型 Opportunist	如在采集蘑菇过程中偶遇猎物 eg. in the process of gathering mushrooms, come across wild animals
	无意型 Bycatch	无意的捕猎, 如野生动物掉入水池 Unintentional harvest of non-target species (eg. wild animals fall into the pool)
	娱乐型 Recreational	以愉悦为目的 Harvest for enjoyment
	应对型 Reactionary	因为不满而捕猎, 如人兽冲突 Harvest associated with discontent or protest (eg. in reaction to conflict with wildlife)
	组织型 Logistician	组织偷猎、收货、计划贸易等 Involved in ordering, aggregation, finance and plan trade. etc.
中间商 Intermediaries	走私型 Specialized smuggler	跨境运输 Transboundary smuggling
	机构合谋型 Government colluder	利用职务之便纵容非法贸易 Involved in using an official government position
	不知情第三方 Unknowing third party	如快递公司 eg. express companies
	处理方 Processor	处理加工野生动物制品 Involved in product transformation
	批发、零售 Launderer and vendor	直接面对消费者的商家 Direct sale to consumers
	体验型 Experiential	追求感官体验或猎奇 Desire to fulfil hedonistic pleasure or satisfy curiosity
消费者 Consumers	社会型 Social	如通过消费展示财富、地位 eg. highlight wealth, social standing through consumption
	功能型 Functional	如使用保健品、药物 eg. use nutriments and medicines
	经济型 Financial	如投资动物制品或收费展示动物 eg. buy wildlife products as investment strategy or exhibition for income
	精神型 Spiritual	如宗教放生 eg. free captive animals for religious brief

贸易链 Trade chains	利益方类型 Category	说明 Description
供货方 Suppliers	生计型 Subsistence	满足自身基本物质需求 Non-commercial harvest for household or local use
	商业导向型 Specialist commercial	利用专业工具或技术、商业目的捕猎、养殖 Harvest and breed with an explicit commercial orientation that often involves specialist skills or technologies
	机会主义型 Opportunist	如在采集蘑菇过程中偶遇猎物 eg. in the process of gathering mushrooms, come across wild animals
	无意型 Bycatch	无意的捕猎, 如野生动物掉入水池 Unintentional harvest of non-target species (eg. wild animals fall into the pool)
	娱乐型 Recreational	以愉悦为目的 Harvest for enjoyment
	应对型 Reactionary	因为不满而捕猎, 如人兽冲突 Harvest associated with discontent or protest (eg. in reaction to conflict with wildlife)
	组织型 Logistician	组织偷猎、收货、计划贸易等 Involved in ordering, aggregation, finance and plan trade. etc.
中间商 Intermediaries	走私型 Specialized smuggler	跨境运输 Transboundary smuggling
	机构合谋型 Government colluder	利用职务之便纵容非法贸易 Involved in using an official government position
	不知情第三方 Unknowing third party	如快递公司 eg. express companies
	处理方 Processor	处理加工野生动物制品 Involved in product transformation
	批发、零售 Launderer and vendor	直接面对消费者的商家 Direct sale to consumers
	体验型 Experiential	追求感官体验或猎奇 Desire to fulfil hedonistic pleasure or satisfy curiosity
消费者 Consumers	社会型 Social	如通过消费展示财富、地位 eg. highlight wealth, social standing through consumption
	功能型 Functional	如使用保健品、药物 eg. use nutriments and medicines
	经济型 Financial	如投资动物制品或收费展示动物 eg. buy wildlife products as investment strategy or exhibition for income
	精神型 Spiritual	如宗教放生 eg. free captive animals for religious brief