Multivariate morphological characteristics of different populations of Ochetobius elongatus in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

doi:10.17520/biods.2025136

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Ochetobius elongatus is a critically endangered species, which is primarily distributed in the Yangtze River basin and the region south of this river. To investigate morphological variations of O. elongatus, the multivariable morphometrics was used to analyze different populations from the middle and lower Yangtze River.

Methods: Based on a total 98 specimens collected from five sampling localities including the Yangtze River main stem at Yichang and Jiayu sections, the Han River main stem at the Qianjiang section, the Dongting and Poyang lakes from May 2022 to November 2024, 33 morphological measurements of traditional and truss network measurements were integrated for analysis.

Results: Significant differences were detected in 28 morphological measurements (84.85% of the total) among populations of O. elongatus, with the largest variation in the trunk, followed by the head part. The cluster analysis of the morphometric measurements grouped the populations into three distinct clusters: the populations of Jiayu and Qianjiang, the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, and the Yichang population. A weak but significant positive correlation was observed between geographical distance and morphological variation (r = 0.176, P = 0.012), suggesting that geographical distance has limited explanatory for the observed morphological variations. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed a comprehensive discriminant rate of 74.50%, among which the Jiayu population showed the highest accuracy (95.45%), and the Yichang population was the lowest (25.00%).

Conclusion: This study highlights significant morphological variations among the five populations of O. elongatus from the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, suggesting that adaptation to heterogeneous habitats may be the primary driver factor for these variations.

Key words: Ochetobius elongatus, linear measurement, truss network, endangered species

Fangtao Cai, Sheng Wang, Xingkun Hu, Xiping Yuan, Dongdong Zhai, Yuanyuan Chen, Yanfu Que, Fei Xiong, Hongyan Liu, Xinbin Duan. Multivariate morphological characteristics of different populations of Ochetobius elongatus in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(11): 25136.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025136

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I11/25136

Figures/Tables 11

References 46

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群体 Population	水系 River system	采样时间 Sampling time	样本量 Sample size	体长 Standard length (mm)
群体 Population	水系 River system	采样时间 Sampling time	样本量 Sample size	范围 Range	均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD
宜昌 Yichang	干流 Main stem	2024.6-7	8	328.60-459.00	407.59 ± 44.30
嘉鱼 Jiayu	干流 Main stem	2024.11	22	160.00-217.00	183.77 ± 13.27
潜江 Qianjiang	支流 Tributary	2022.7-11, 2024.10	31	155.00-225.48	180.28 ± 22.99
洞庭湖 Dongting Lake	通江湖泊 Connected lake	2023.6, 2024.11	19	214.00-592.00	360.05 ± 82.87
鄱阳湖 Poyang Lake	通江湖泊 Connected lake	2022.5-11, 2023.5-12, 2024.5-9	18	168.00-524.00	306.83 ± 113.42

群体 Population	水系 River system	采样时间 Sampling time	样本量 Sample size	体长 Standard length (mm)
群体 Population	水系 River system	采样时间 Sampling time	样本量 Sample size	范围 Range	均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD
宜昌 Yichang	干流 Main stem	2024.6-7	8	328.60-459.00	407.59 ± 44.30
嘉鱼 Jiayu	干流 Main stem	2024.11	22	160.00-217.00	183.77 ± 13.27
潜江 Qianjiang	支流 Tributary	2022.7-11, 2024.10	31	155.00-225.48	180.28 ± 22.99
洞庭湖 Dongting Lake	通江湖泊 Connected lake	2023.6, 2024.11	19	214.00-592.00	360.05 ± 82.87
鄱阳湖 Poyang Lake	通江湖泊 Connected lake	2022.5-11, 2023.5-12, 2024.5-9	18	168.00-524.00	306.83 ± 113.42

形态参数 Morphological parameters	宜昌 Yichang	嘉鱼 Jiayu	潜江 Qianjiang	洞庭湖 Dongting Lake	鄱阳湖 Poyang Lake	F值 F value	P值 P value
头长/体长 Head length/standard length	0.175 ± 0.005	0.191 ± 0.001	0.200 ± 0.005	0.189 ± 0.003	0.198 ± 0.005	4.059	0.004**
体高/体长 Body depth/standard length	0.161 ± 0.001	0.151 ± 0.001	0.152 ± 0.003	0.166 ± 0.002	0.175 ± 0.005	13.053	< 0.001***
尾柄长/体长 Caudal peduncle length/standard length	0.167 ± 0.010	0.184 ± 0.001	0.184 ± 0.002	0.180 ± 0.004	0.191 ± 0.006	3.729	0.007**
尾柄高/体长 Caudal peduncle depth/standard length	0.067 ± 0.001	0.068 ± 0.001	0.069 ± 0.001	0.070 ± 0.001	0.075 ± 0.002	8.513	< 0.001***
背鳍条长/体长 Dorsal-fin length/standard length	0.164 ± 0.002	0.161 ± 0.001	0.162 ± 0.002	0.159 ± 0.003	0.173 ± 0.007	2.320	0.063
胸鳍条长/体长 Pectoral-fin length/standard length	0.160 ± 0.004	0.131 ± 0.001	0.133 ± 0.003	0.179 ± 0.037	0.158 ± 0.006	4.293	0.003**
腹鳍条长/体长 Pelvic-fin length/standard length	0.127 ± 0.002	0.120 ± 0.001	0.121 ± 0.001	0.123 ± 0.002	0.131 ± 0.006	2.456	0.051
臀鳍条长/体长 Anal-fin length/standard length	0.110 ± 0.003	0.105 ± 0.001	0.105 ± 0.001	0.109 ± 0.001	0.114 ± 0.002	3.236	0.016*
头高/头长 Head depth/head length	0.579 ± 0.013	0.515 ± 0.004	0.511 ± 0.009	0.537 ± 0.009	0.564 ± 0.014	6.111	< 0.001***
吻长/头长 Snout length/head length	0.275 ± 0.012	0.224 ± 0.003	0.231 ± 0.006	0.250 ± 0.012	0.205 ± 0.009	5.996	< 0.001***
眼径/头长 Eye diameter/head length	0.199 ± 0.008	0.260 ± 0.003	0.235 ± 0.006	0.188 ± 0.007	0.177 ± 0.005	30.819	< 0.001***
眼后头长/头长 Length of head behind the eye/head length	0.585 ± 0.016	0.516 ± 0.002	0.509 ± 0.008	0.576 ± 0.009	0.615 ± 0.012	23.332	< 0.001***
眼间距/头长 Interorbital width/head length	1.025 ± 0.397	0.382 ± 0.004	0.356 ± 0.007	0.393 ± 0.006	0.331 ± 0.010	11.949	< 0.001***
AB/体长 AB/standard length	0.131 ± 0.004	0.142 ± 0.001	0.147 ± 0.002	0.147 ± 0.002	0.151 ± 0.004	6.342	< 0.001***
BC/体长 BC/standard length	0.333 ± 0.004	0.308 ± 0.008	0.317 ± 0.003	0.338 ± 0.004	0.349 ± 0.007	5.956	< 0.001***
CD/体长 CD/standard length	0.106 ± 0.006	0.098 ± 0.001	0.099 ± 0.001	0.100 ± 0.002	0.111 ± 0.005	5.696	< 0.001***
DE/体长 DE/standard length	0.398 ± 0.003	0.399 ± 0.015	0.410 ± 0.003	0.392 ± 0.006	0.420 ± 0.010	0.813	0.520
EF/体长 EF/standard length	0.080 ± 0.002	0.078 ± 0.001	0.079 ± 0.001	0.082 ± 0.001	0.088 ± 0.002	8.622	0.001**
FG/体长 FG/standard length	0.131 ± 0.004	0.147 ± 0.004	0.153 ± 0.003	0.134 ± 0.003	0.140 ± 0.004	5.007	< 0.001***
GH/体长 GH/standard length	0.089 ± 0.006	0.080 ± 0.004	0.081 ± 0.002	0.080 ± 0.001	0.087 ± 0.003	2.256	0.069
HI/体长 HI/standard length	0.300 ± 0.007	0.290 ± 0.002	0.272 ± 0.006	0.283 ± 0.004	0.302 ± 0.009	3.260	0.015*
IJ/体长 IJ/standard length	0.283 ± 0.006	0.271 ± 0.001	0.263 ± 0.002	0.288 ± 0.005	0.309 ± 0.008	21.219	< 0.001***
JA/体长 JA/standard length	0.176 ± 0.006	0.189 ± 0.001	0.197 ± 0.002	0.185 ± 0.004	0.187 ± 0.008	4.395	0.003**
BJ/体长 BJ/standard length	0.095 ± 0.003	0.101 ± 0.001	0.104 ± 0.001	0.100 ± 0.003	0.101 ± 0.006	1.690	0.159
BI/体长 BI/standard length	0.351 ± 0.004	0.340 ± 0.001	0.337 ± 0.002	0.349 ± 0.004	0.375 ± 0.004	15.605	< 0.001***
BH/体长 BH/standard length	0.635 ± 0.005	0.615 ± 0.002	0.602 ± 0.004	0.625 ± 0.006	0.664 ± 0.009	12.311	< 0.001***
CI/体长 CI/standard length	0.154 ± 0.002	0.148 ± 0.004	0.152 ± 0.002	0.162 ± 0.002	0.169 ± 0.016	9.070	< 0.001***
CH/体长 CH/standard length	0.323 ± 0.003	0.318 ± 0.002	0.314 ± 0.002	0.316 ± 0.005	0.344 ± 0.005	7.792	< 0.001***
CG/体长 CG/standard length	0.396 ± 0.005	0.376 ± 0.002	0.374 ± 0.002	0.376 ± 0.005	0.412 ± 0.009	10.631	< 0.001***
DH/体长 DH/standard length	0.230 ± 0.003	0.234 ± 0.002	0.231 ± 0.002	0.231 ± 0.003	0.244 ± 0.006	2.662	0.037*
DG/体长 DG/standard length	0.295 ± 0.004	0.288 ± 0.002	0.283 ± 0.002	0.281 ± 0.004	0.307 ± 0.007	6.808	< 0.001***
DF/体长 DF/standard length	0.424 ± 0.004	0.427 ± 0.003	0.424 ± 0.003	0.401 ± 0.006	0.432 ± 0.009	5.596	< 0.001***
EG/体长 EG/standard length	0.158 ± 0.002	0.173 ± 0.001	0.169 ± 0.001	0.160 ± 0.003	0.171 ± 0.004	5.748	< 0.001***

形态参数 Morphological parameters	宜昌 Yichang	嘉鱼 Jiayu	潜江 Qianjiang	洞庭湖 Dongting Lake	鄱阳湖 Poyang Lake	F值 F value	P值 P value
头长/体长 Head length/standard length	0.175 ± 0.005	0.191 ± 0.001	0.200 ± 0.005	0.189 ± 0.003	0.198 ± 0.005	4.059	0.004**
体高/体长 Body depth/standard length	0.161 ± 0.001	0.151 ± 0.001	0.152 ± 0.003	0.166 ± 0.002	0.175 ± 0.005	13.053	< 0.001***
尾柄长/体长 Caudal peduncle length/standard length	0.167 ± 0.010	0.184 ± 0.001	0.184 ± 0.002	0.180 ± 0.004	0.191 ± 0.006	3.729	0.007**
尾柄高/体长 Caudal peduncle depth/standard length	0.067 ± 0.001	0.068 ± 0.001	0.069 ± 0.001	0.070 ± 0.001	0.075 ± 0.002	8.513	< 0.001***
背鳍条长/体长 Dorsal-fin length/standard length	0.164 ± 0.002	0.161 ± 0.001	0.162 ± 0.002	0.159 ± 0.003	0.173 ± 0.007	2.320	0.063
胸鳍条长/体长 Pectoral-fin length/standard length	0.160 ± 0.004	0.131 ± 0.001	0.133 ± 0.003	0.179 ± 0.037	0.158 ± 0.006	4.293	0.003**
腹鳍条长/体长 Pelvic-fin length/standard length	0.127 ± 0.002	0.120 ± 0.001	0.121 ± 0.001	0.123 ± 0.002	0.131 ± 0.006	2.456	0.051
臀鳍条长/体长 Anal-fin length/standard length	0.110 ± 0.003	0.105 ± 0.001	0.105 ± 0.001	0.109 ± 0.001	0.114 ± 0.002	3.236	0.016*
头高/头长 Head depth/head length	0.579 ± 0.013	0.515 ± 0.004	0.511 ± 0.009	0.537 ± 0.009	0.564 ± 0.014	6.111	< 0.001***
吻长/头长 Snout length/head length	0.275 ± 0.012	0.224 ± 0.003	0.231 ± 0.006	0.250 ± 0.012	0.205 ± 0.009	5.996	< 0.001***
眼径/头长 Eye diameter/head length	0.199 ± 0.008	0.260 ± 0.003	0.235 ± 0.006	0.188 ± 0.007	0.177 ± 0.005	30.819	< 0.001***
眼后头长/头长 Length of head behind the eye/head length	0.585 ± 0.016	0.516 ± 0.002	0.509 ± 0.008	0.576 ± 0.009	0.615 ± 0.012	23.332	< 0.001***
眼间距/头长 Interorbital width/head length	1.025 ± 0.397	0.382 ± 0.004	0.356 ± 0.007	0.393 ± 0.006	0.331 ± 0.010	11.949	< 0.001***
AB/体长 AB/standard length	0.131 ± 0.004	0.142 ± 0.001	0.147 ± 0.002	0.147 ± 0.002	0.151 ± 0.004	6.342	< 0.001***
BC/体长 BC/standard length	0.333 ± 0.004	0.308 ± 0.008	0.317 ± 0.003	0.338 ± 0.004	0.349 ± 0.007	5.956	< 0.001***
CD/体长 CD/standard length	0.106 ± 0.006	0.098 ± 0.001	0.099 ± 0.001	0.100 ± 0.002	0.111 ± 0.005	5.696	< 0.001***
DE/体长 DE/standard length	0.398 ± 0.003	0.399 ± 0.015	0.410 ± 0.003	0.392 ± 0.006	0.420 ± 0.010	0.813	0.520
EF/体长 EF/standard length	0.080 ± 0.002	0.078 ± 0.001	0.079 ± 0.001	0.082 ± 0.001	0.088 ± 0.002	8.622	0.001**
FG/体长 FG/standard length	0.131 ± 0.004	0.147 ± 0.004	0.153 ± 0.003	0.134 ± 0.003	0.140 ± 0.004	5.007	< 0.001***
GH/体长 GH/standard length	0.089 ± 0.006	0.080 ± 0.004	0.081 ± 0.002	0.080 ± 0.001	0.087 ± 0.003	2.256	0.069
HI/体长 HI/standard length	0.300 ± 0.007	0.290 ± 0.002	0.272 ± 0.006	0.283 ± 0.004	0.302 ± 0.009	3.260	0.015*
IJ/体长 IJ/standard length	0.283 ± 0.006	0.271 ± 0.001	0.263 ± 0.002	0.288 ± 0.005	0.309 ± 0.008	21.219	< 0.001***
JA/体长 JA/standard length	0.176 ± 0.006	0.189 ± 0.001	0.197 ± 0.002	0.185 ± 0.004	0.187 ± 0.008	4.395	0.003**
BJ/体长 BJ/standard length	0.095 ± 0.003	0.101 ± 0.001	0.104 ± 0.001	0.100 ± 0.003	0.101 ± 0.006	1.690	0.159
BI/体长 BI/standard length	0.351 ± 0.004	0.340 ± 0.001	0.337 ± 0.002	0.349 ± 0.004	0.375 ± 0.004	15.605	< 0.001***
BH/体长 BH/standard length	0.635 ± 0.005	0.615 ± 0.002	0.602 ± 0.004	0.625 ± 0.006	0.664 ± 0.009	12.311	< 0.001***
CI/体长 CI/standard length	0.154 ± 0.002	0.148 ± 0.004	0.152 ± 0.002	0.162 ± 0.002	0.169 ± 0.016	9.070	< 0.001***
CH/体长 CH/standard length	0.323 ± 0.003	0.318 ± 0.002	0.314 ± 0.002	0.316 ± 0.005	0.344 ± 0.005	7.792	< 0.001***
CG/体长 CG/standard length	0.396 ± 0.005	0.376 ± 0.002	0.374 ± 0.002	0.376 ± 0.005	0.412 ± 0.009	10.631	< 0.001***
DH/体长 DH/standard length	0.230 ± 0.003	0.234 ± 0.002	0.231 ± 0.002	0.231 ± 0.003	0.244 ± 0.006	2.662	0.037*
DG/体长 DG/standard length	0.295 ± 0.004	0.288 ± 0.002	0.283 ± 0.002	0.281 ± 0.004	0.307 ± 0.007	6.808	< 0.001***
DF/体长 DF/standard length	0.424 ± 0.004	0.427 ± 0.003	0.424 ± 0.003	0.401 ± 0.006	0.432 ± 0.009	5.596	< 0.001***
EG/体长 EG/standard length	0.158 ± 0.002	0.173 ± 0.001	0.169 ± 0.001	0.160 ± 0.003	0.171 ± 0.004	5.748	< 0.001***

形态参数 Morphological parameters	主成分 Principal component (PC)
形态参数 Morphological parameters	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3	主成分4 PC4	主成分5 PC5	主成分6 PC6
特征值 Eigenvalue	12.658	4.612	3.423	1.928	1.431	1.020
主成分贡献率 PC contribution rate (%)	38.36	13.98	10.37	5.84	4.34	3.09
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)	38.36	52.33	62.71	68.55	72.89	75.98
头长/体长 Head length/standard length	0.125	0.637	0.297	-0.375	-0.446	0.240
体高/体长 Body depth/standard length	0.741	-0.226	0.340	-0.198	0.138	-0.114
尾柄长/体长 Caudal peduncle length/standard length	0.517	0.518	-0.252	-0.204	0.352	-0.114
尾柄高/体长 Caudal peduncle depth/standard length	0.810^a	0.193	0.296	0.017	-0.037	-0.134
背鳍条长/体长 Dorsal-fin length/standard length	0.733	0.333	0.015	0.268	0.098	0.089
胸鳍条长/体长 Pectoral-fin length/standard length	0.158	-0.058	0.125	0.109	0.448	0.729
腹鳍条长/体长 Pelvic-fin length/standard length	0.726	0.218	0.123	0.216	0.237	0.069
臀鳍条长/体长 Anal-fin length/standard length	0.773	0.191	0.230	0.148	0.174	0.118
头高/头长 Head depth/head length	0.436	-0.617	-0.009	0.227	0.357	-0.354
吻长/头长 Snout length/head length	-0.141	0.007	0.497	0.578	0.105	0.054
眼径/头长 Eye diameter/head length	-0.335	0.468	-0.410	0.479	0.162	-0.167
眼后头长/头长 Length of head behind the eye/head length	0.509	-0.688	0.023	-0.065	0.269	-0.011
眼间距/头长 Interorbital width/head length	0.032	-0.500	0.171	0.649	-0.371	0.138
AB/体长 AB/standard length	0.380	0.513	0.412	-0.295	0.068	-0.161
BC/体长 BC/standard length	0.614	-0.143	0.391	-0.106	0.089	-0.001
CD/体长 CD/standard length	0.843^a	-0.118	0.096	0.215	-0.226	-0.074
DE/体长 DE/standard length	0.441	0.202	-0.331	0.110	-0.035	0.107
EF/体长 EF/standard length	0.799	0.156	0.255	-0.034	-0.130	0.000
FG/体长 FG/standard length	0.164	0.550	-0.534	0.036	0.178	0.070
GH/体长 GH/standard length	0.450	0.007	0.481	0.337	-0.267	-0.146
HI/体长 HI/standard length	0.655	-0.066	-0.288	-0.042	-0.235	0.068
IJ/体长 IJ/standard length	0.792	-0.404	0.013	-0.173	0.043	0.211
JA/体长 JA/standard length	0.090	0.794	0.387	0.061	-0.086	-0.010
BJ/体长 BJ/standard length	0.274	0.633	0.326	0.197	0.057	-0.053
BI/体长 BI/standard length	0.871^a	-0.135	0.149	-0.104	-0.052	0.072
BH/体长 BH/standard length	0.887^a	-0.188	-0.133	-0.115	-0.110	0.133
CI/体长 CI/standard length	0.744	-0.075	0.355	-0.168	0.209	-0.159
CH/体长 CH/standard length	0.874^a	-0.107	-0.289	-0.070	-0.088	-0.061
CG/体长 CG/standard length	0.907^a	-0.146	-0.199	0.065	-0.166	-0.028
DH/体长 DH/standard length	0.700	-0.051	-0.504	-0.116	-0.037	-0.053
DG/体长 DG/standard length	0.791	-0.126	-0.439	0.042	-0.221	0.030
DF/体长 DF/standard length	0.641	0.230	-0.597	0.228	-0.097	0.023
EG/体长 EG/standard length	0.503	0.548	-0.291	0.197	0.102	-0.082