生物多样性 >

2023 , Vol. 31 >Issue 11: 23238

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2023238

半湿润常绿阔叶林专题

滇中高原亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林植物群落多样性特征

  • 杨涛 ,
  • 沈泽昊 ,
  • 王晓凤 ,
  • 饶杰生 ,
  • 刘文聪 ,
  • 田希 ,
  • 陈稀 ,
  • 张秋雨 ,
  • 刘倩 ,
  • 钱恒君 ,
  • 解宇阳 ,
  • 刘其明 ,
  • 徐衍潇 ,
  • 涂梦灵 ,
  • 单子铭 ,
  • 张玉坤 ,
  • 侯波 ,
  • 李建斌 ,
  • 欧晓昆
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  • 1.云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650091
    2.北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
    3.云南珠江源省级自然保护区沾益管护分局, 云南沾益 655500
    4.云南雕翎山省级自然保护区管理局, 云南广通 651224
    5.云南宾川县林业和草原局, 云南宾川 671699

收稿日期: 2023-07-02

  录用日期: 2023-11-09

  网络出版日期: 2023-12-20

基金资助

云南省科技厅-云南大学双一流学科建设重大专项(2018FY001-002);云南省基础研究计划重大项目课题(202101BC07 0002)

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Characteristics of plant community diversity in a subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Central Yunnan Plateau

  • Tao Yang ,
  • Zehao Shen ,
  • Xiaofeng Wang ,
  • Jiesheng Rao ,
  • Wencong Liu ,
  • Xi Tian ,
  • Xi Chen ,
  • Qiuyu Zhang ,
  • Qian Liu ,
  • Hengjun Qian ,
  • Yuyang Xie ,
  • Qiming Liu ,
  • Yanxiao Xu ,
  • Mengling Tu ,
  • Ziming Shan ,
  • Yukun Zhang ,
  • Bo Hou ,
  • Jianbin Li ,
  • Xiaokun Ou
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  • 1 School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
    2 Key Laboratory of MOE for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
    3 Zhanyi Protection Bureau, Zhujiang Source Provincial Nature Reserve, Zhanyi, Yunnan 655500
    4 Yunnan Diaolingshan Provincial Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Guangtong, Yunnan 651224
    5 Binchuan County Bureau of Forestry and Grassland, Binchuan, Yunnan 671699

Received date: 2023-07-02

  Accepted date: 2023-11-09

  Online published: 2023-12-20

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摘要

森林动态监测样地是研究群落构建和物种多样性维持机制的重要平台。半湿润常绿阔叶林是滇中高原的地带性植被类型。但由于人类活动的长期影响, 半湿润常绿阔叶林天然群落当前仅呈片断化状态, 零星分布于偏远山地。参照美国史密森热带研究院热带森林研究中心的样地建设标准, 我们分别在云南省曲靖珠江源(ZJY)、楚雄雕翎山(DLS)和大理鸡足山(JZS)建立了面积为10 ha (500 m × 200 m)、8.24 ha (1个260 m × 240 m的小样地和2个100 m × 100 m的小样地)和20.16 ha (720 m × 280 m)的3个森林动态监测样地。本文以这3个样地的植物群落为研究对象, 运用背包式激光雷达、激光测距仪等获取相关基础数据, 并对各样地的植物群落进行物种鉴定、区系分析、群落分类及群落结构分析。结果表明: (1) 3个样地共发现维管植物619种, 隶属于120科355属, 其中珠江源样地70科120属157种, 雕翎山样地92科224属319种, 鸡足山样地100科255属353种; (2) DBH ≥ 1 cm的木本植物存活个体共有103,951株, 其中珠江源样地24,932株、雕翎山样地25,222株、鸡足山样地53,797株, 活个体密度分别为2,493.2株/ha、3,060.9株/ha、2,689.9株/ha; (3)样地群内所有维管植物在属和种水平上的温带区系成分合计占比分别为51.3%和24.7%, 中国特有种的比例为33.0%; (4)样地群内的植物群落可分为8个群系, 分别为元江栲(Castanopsis orthacantha)群系、高山栲(C. delavayi)群系、白穗石栎(Lithocarpus craibianus)群系、滇石栎(L. dealbatus)群系、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)群系、黄毛青冈(Cyclobalanopsis delavayi)群系、光叶石栎(L. mairei)群系和灰背栎(Quercus senescens)群系; 雕翎山样地群系类型最多、珠江源样地最少; (5)鸡足山样地和雕翎山样地乔木树种的径级结构呈倒“J”型, 珠江源样地呈单峰型; 鸡足山样地在80-100年以前经历过一次局部性的严重干扰, 雕翎山样地在50-80年前后经历过一次普遍性的轻中度干扰迹象, 珠江源样地在37年前曾经历过一次覆盖性的火干扰, 样地间森林群系类型和径级结构的差异主要取决于群落演替程度和地形差异。

关键词： 滇中高原; 半湿润常绿阔叶林; 森林动态监测样地; 物种组成; 群落分类

本文引用格式

杨涛 , 沈泽昊 , 王晓凤 , 饶杰生 , 刘文聪 , 田希 , 陈稀 , 张秋雨 , 刘倩 , 钱恒君 , 解宇阳 , 刘其明 , 徐衍潇 , 涂梦灵 , 单子铭 , 张玉坤 , 侯波 , 李建斌 , 欧晓昆 . 滇中高原亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林植物群落多样性特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2023 , 31(11) : 23238 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023238

Abstract

Aims: The forest dynamics plots have been used as an effective platform to study the mechanism of biodiversity maintenance and community assembly. The semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (SHEBF) is the zonal vegetation in the Central Yunnan Plateau. Because of the long-term influence of human activities and natural disturbance such as wildfires, the original SHEBF communities have been mostly destroyed, and replaced by secondary vegetation types. The extreme shrinkage of this zonal vegetation has raised increasing concern of conservation. Based on three forest dynamics plots we established in the Central Yunnan Plateau, we aim to explore the general characteristics of SHBEF in its floristic composition, community structure and diversity

Methods: According to the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) standards at the Smithson Institute for Tropical Research, we established three forest dynamics plots (10 ha (500 m × 200 m), 8.24 ha (one subplot with 260 m × 240 m and two subplots with 100 m × 100 m), and 20.16 ha (720 m × 280 m)) as the data collection source of SHEBF from the following three areas: Zhujiangyuan (ZJY) in Qujing City, Diaoling Mountains (DLS) in Chuxiong City, and Jizu Mountains (JZS) in Dali City, respectively. The community data of the three forest dynamics plots were obtained using a portable backpack LiDAR and a laser rangefinder. We implemented floristic analysis, community classification, and community structure analysis for the communities in the plots.

Results (1) A total of 619 species of vascular plants belonging to 120 families and 355 genera were found in the three plots, including 70 families, 120 genera, 157 species in the ZJY plot, 92 families, 224 genera, 319 species in DLS plot, 100 families, 255 genera, 353 species in JZS plot. (2) A total of 103,951 woody individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm were found in the three plots, including 24,932 individuals in the ZJY plot, 25,222 individuals in the DLS plot, 53,797 individuals in the JZS plot, with densities of 2,493, 3,061, and 2,690 ind./ha, respectively. (3) The proportion of temperate floras at the genus and species levels of all vascular plants in three plots was 51.3% and 24.7%, and the proportion of endemic species in plots was 33.0%. (4) The plant communities in plots were divided into eight alliances, Castanopsis orthacantha alliance, C. delavayi alliance, Lithocarpus craibianus alliance, L. dealbatus alliance, Pinus yunnanensis alliance, Cyclobalanopsis delavayi alliance, L. mairei alliance and Quercus senescens alliance; the DLS plot had the highest alliances diversity and ZJY plot the least. (5) The DBH class structure of tree species in the JZS plot and DLS plot were inverted “J” type, and unimodal in ZJY plot. The community data indicated that an intensive fire disturbance covered a part of the JZS plot 80-100 years ago, and a light-to-moderate disturbance swept across the DLS plot 50-80 years ago, and a stand replacing fire occurred the ZJY plot 36 years ago.

Conclusion: This study laid a foundation for long-term systematic monitoring of the SHEBF community based on the forest dynamics plots while providing a theoretical basis for the diversity protection of this vegetation type and the sustainable forest management.

Key words： Central Yunnan Plateau; semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest; forest dynamics plot; species composition; community classification

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