警惕物种致危和生物入侵的风险: 我国主要电商平台的甲虫贸易调查
- 1.安徽大学资源与环境工程学院生态学系, 合肥 230601
2.中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室, 北京 100101
3.中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会, 北京 100101
4.中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
收稿日期: 2022-09-20
录用日期: 2022-11-14
网络出版日期: 2023-03-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(31872276);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601200)
Vigilance towards species endangerment and biological invasion risks: Investigating beetle trade on Chinese e-commerce platforms
- 1. Department of Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601
2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3. Endangered Species Scientific Commission, People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100101
4. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
Received date: 2022-09-20
Accepted date: 2022-11-14
Online published: 2023-03-22
摘要
甲虫作为物种多样性最丰富的动物类群之一, 在农林生产、生物多样性保护中的科学价值受到长期关注, 但其作为宠物、收藏品的商业价值与贸易情况却鲜有研究。我国的相关工作也非常缺乏, 对当前通过电商平台进行的甲虫贸易尤其缺少了解。本文首次对国内主要电商平台两年内(2018年10月至2020年10月)的甲虫贸易进行了调查。结果发现: 贸易名单涉及的甲虫有486种, 隶属于24科234属, 总交易额达到189,407,277元。贸易形式主要为标本和活体两类。标本贸易涉及到13科175属355种。活体贸易涉及到21科98属157种, 含入侵物种4科6属6种, 农林害虫11科15属15种。两类贸易均涉及到受保护物种, 其中, 有4科5属5种入列《国家重点保护野生动物名录》, 1科1属1种入列CITES附录II, 5科10属11种入列《国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录》。电商平台为甲虫贸易提供丰富、及时、准确的信息, 常使卖方为获得最大利润而对受保护物种过度采集, 令其面临致危或灭绝风险。电商平台开放性和全球性的特点, 使得非本土物种的活体贸易更加高效、经济、可行, 导致了生物入侵、农林虫害、病原生物传播和本土物种遗传特征丧失的风险显著提高。本文也对我国电商平台甲虫贸易的监管提出了相关建议。
本文引用格式
魏辰, 佟一杰, 曾岩, 白明, 万霞 . 警惕物种致危和生物入侵的风险: 我国主要电商平台的甲虫贸易调查[J]. 生物多样性, 2023 , 31(6) : 22541 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022541
Abstract
Aims: Beetles are one of the most diverse and species-rich groups of animals. Many of them have commercial values as collections or pets except for their important roles in scientific research. There is, however, little knowledge about the beetles’ trade in popular Chinese via the popular e-commerce platforms.
Methods: We investigated the trade form and quantity of beetle deals through the platforms in two years (October 2018-October 2020) in this study.
Results: The results showed that the dominant forms for beetle trades were specimens and living bodies dealing. There were 486 species belonging to 234 genera in 24 families on the online categories, with a total transaction amount of about 189,407,277 RMB. Among of them, 13 families and 175 genera, including 355 species were involved in the specimen deal. Living beetle transactions covered 157 species belonging to 98 genera within 21 families, in which included 6 invasive species in 6 genera of 4 families and 15 agricultural and forestry pests in 15 genera of 11 families. Besides, 7 species belonging to 5 genera, 4 families were on the “The list of National Key Protected Wild Animals in China”; one species was on the “List of CITES Appendix II”; 15 species within 10 genera, 5 families were included in the “The List of National Protected Terrestrial Wild Animals with Benefits or Important Economic and Scientific Values in China”.
Conclusion: The trade of living beetles, especially from overseas, could bring out the biological invasion, pest damage and pathogen transmission, or highly increase the risk of losing genetic diversity for endemic species, even cause the local species extinction. As a summary, our suggestions are presented on supervising the beetle trade through the e-commerce platforms.
参考文献
| [1] | Araya K (2002a) A threat of exotic lucanid beetles to domestic species. The Nature and Insects, 37, 4-7. |
| [2] | Araya K (2002b) Conservation biology of Japanese lucanid beetles. The Nature and Insects, 37, 2-3. |
| [3] | Bai M (2020) The Scarabaeoidea of Wuyi Mountain. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [3] | [白明 (2020) 武夷山金龟志. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.] |
| [4] | CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (2019a) Checklist of CITES Species. https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/species.php. (accessed on 2021-03-16) |
| [5] | CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (2019b) CITES Glossary. https://cites.org/eng/resources/terms/glossary.php (accessed on 2021-12-08) |
| [6] | Colares C, Roza AS, Mermudes JRM, Silveira LFL, Khattar G, Mayhew PJ, Monteiro RF, Nunes MFSQC, Macedo MV (2021) Elevational specialization and the monitoring of the effects of climate change in insects: Beetles in a Brazilian rainforest mountain. Ecological Indicators, 120, 106888. |
| [7] | Crespin SJ, Barahona-Segovia RM (2021) The risk of rediscovery: Fast population decline of the localized endemic Chilean stag beetle Sclerostomulus nitidus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) suggests trade as a threat. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 14, 107-116. |
| [8] | Cui JZ, Bai M, Fan RJ, Wu H (2009) Catalogue of the Insect Type Specimens Deposited in China (Vol. 2). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [8] | [崔俊芝, 白明, 范仁俊, 吴鸿 (2009) 中国昆虫模式标本名录(第2卷). 中国林业出版社, 北京.] |
| [9] | Cui JZ, Bai M, Wu H, Ji LQ (2007) Catalogue of the Insect Type Specimens Deposited in China (Vol. 1). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [9] | [崔俊芝, 白明, 吴鸿, 纪力强 (2007) 中国昆虫模式标本名录(第1卷). 中国林业出版社, 北京.] |
| [10] | Dendi D, Ajong SN, Amori G, Luiselli L (2021) Decline of the commercially attractive white morph in Goliath beetle polymorphic populations. Diversity, 13, 388. |
| [11] | Fei YL, Zhou YW, Liu DW, Hou SL, Pan HC (2019) The harm and regulation of the networked illegal trade of wildlife. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 40, 1031-1034. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [11] | [费宜玲, 周用武, 刘大伟, 侯森林, 潘恒昌 (2019) 野生动物非法贸易网络化的危害和监管. 野生动物学报, 40, 1031-1034.] |
| [12] | Fu W, Wang N, Pang F, Huang YL, Wu J, Qi SS, Dai ZC, Du DL (2017) Soil microbiota and plant invasions: Current and future. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1295-1302. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [12] | [付伟, 王宁, 庞芳, 黄玉龙, 吴俊, 祁珊珊, 戴志聪, 杜道林 (2017) 土壤微生物与植物入侵: 研究现状与展望. 生物多样性, 25, 1295-1302.] |
| [13] | Ghannem S, Touaylia S, Boumaiza M (2017) Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) as bioindicators of the assessment of environmental pollution. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 24, 456-464. |
| [14] | Goh TG, Hashim R (2019) Conservation of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 34, 81-93. |
| [15] | Goka K, Kojima H (2002) The genetic disturbance caused by commercial is action of stag beetles-the crisis on biodiversity of Japanese native stag beetles. Nature Insects, 37, 27-31. |
| [16] | Hall K (2003) Japanese beetles threatened by mysterious tick plague. http://ipm/osu/edu/trans/023_251.htm. (accessed on 2020-10-15) |
| [17] | Huang DC, Zhang RZ (2011) Taxonomic categorisation, origins and trends of invasive alien species in China. Journal of Biosafety, 20, 113-118. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [17] | [黄顶成, 张润志 (2011) 中国外来入侵种的类群、原产地及变化趋势. 生物安全学报, 20, 113-118.] |
| [18] | Hulme PE, Bacher S, Kenis M, Klotz S, Kühn I, Minchin D, Nentwig W, Olenin S, Panov V, Pergl J, Py?ek P, Roques A, Sol D, Solarz W, Vilà M (2008) Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: A framework for integrating pathways into policy. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 403-414. |
| [19] | Ji YR, Li Y, Liu F, Li DQ (2020) Assessment of current trade of exotic pets on the Internet in China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 644-650. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [19] | [姬云瑞, 李叶, 刘芳, 李迪强 (2020) 我国网络平台外来宠物贸易调查. 生物多样性, 28, 644-650.] |
| [20] | Kameoka S, Kyono H (2004) A Survey of the Rhinoceros Beetle and Stag Beetle Market in Japan. https://www.traffic.org/search/?q=A+Survey+of+the+Rhinoceros+Beetle+and+Stag+Beetle+Market+in+Japan. (accessed on 2019-12-12) |
| [21] | Kang TH, Han SH, Park SJ (2015) Development of seven microsatellite markers using next generation sequencing for the conservation on the Korean population of Dorcus hopei (E. Saunders, 1854) (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, 21330-21341. |
| [22] | Kang TH, Han SH, Weon HY, Lee YB, Kim N, Nam SH, Park HC (2012) Purification and identification of Paenibacillus sp., isolated from diseased larvae of Allomyrina dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1771) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in insect farms. International Journal of Industrial Entomology, 25, 195-203. |
| [23] | Kanzaki N, Taki H, Masuya H, Okabe K, Tanaka R, Abe F (2011) Diversity of stag beetle-associated nematodes in Japan. Environmental Entomology, 40, 281-288. |
| [24] | Lawrence JF, ?lipiński A, Seago AE, Thayer MK, Newton AF, Marvaldi AE (2011) Phylogeny of the Coleoptera based on morphological characters of adults and larvae. Annales Zoologici, 61, 1-217. |
| [25] | Lei ZR, Guo YY, Li SF (2014) Catalogue of Pests on Major Crops in China. China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [25] | [雷仲仁, 郭予元, 李世访 (2014) 中国主要农作物有害生物名录. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.] |
| [26] | Li HM, Han HX, Zhang RZ, Xue DY (2005) Catalogue of Alien Invasive Species in Chinese Mainland. China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [26] | [李红梅, 韩红香, 张润志, 薛大勇 (2005) 中国大陆外来入侵昆虫名录. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.] |
| [27] | Liang Z, Zhang JH, Yang D, Chen NZ (2017) Overview of alien insects intercepted at China ports from 2005 to 2015. Plant Quarantine, 31, 64-68. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [27] | [梁振, 张俊华, 杨定, 陈乃中 (2017) 2005-2015年我国口岸截获外来昆虫概况. 植物检疫, 31, 64-68.] |
| [28] | Lin MY (2015) A Field Guide to the Long-horned Beetle of China. Chongqing University Press, Chongqing. (in Chinese) |
| [28] | [林美英 (2015) 常见天牛野外识别手册. 重庆大学出版社, 重庆.] |
| [29] | Luiselli L, Amori G (2021) Community ecology, macro- ecological patterns, and conservation of tropical beetles: An introduction. Diversity, 13, 406. |
| [30] | Ma B, Jin HY, Pei EL (2013) Status and countermeasures for live wildlife trade on the internet in Shanghai city. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 34, 46-49. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [30] | [马波, 金惠宇, 裴恩乐 (2013) 上海市利用互联网交易珍稀活体野生动物现状及对策研究. 野生动物学报, 34, 46-49.] |
| [31] | Nie RE, Bai M, Yang XK (2019) Seventy years of Chinese beetle research. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 56, 884-906. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [31] | [聂瑞娥, 白明, 杨星科 (2019) 中国甲虫研究七十年. 应用昆虫学报, 56, 884-906.] |
| [32] | Okabe K, Masuya H, Kanzaki N (2017) Unintentional introductions of microscopic organisms associated with forest insects. Biological Invasions, 19, 3229-3242. |
| [33] | Scheffers BR, Oliveira BF, Lamb I, Edwards DP (2019) Global wildlife trade across the tree of life. Science, 366, 71-76. |
| [34] | Wang J, Qi S, Guo CP, Lin CR, Xiao JJ, Wang YY, Lin SS (2018) Survey on amphibian pet trade in Huadiwan market in Guangzhou. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 53, 61-68. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [34] | [王健, 齐硕, 郭淳鹏, 林灿荣, 肖嘉杰, 王英永, 林石狮 (2018) 广州市花地湾市场宠物两栖动物调查. 动物学杂志, 53, 61-68.] |
| [35] | Wu JW, Chen WY (2013) Catalogue of Insect Pests and Their Natural Enemies of Vegetable Crops. China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [35] | [吴钜文, 陈文印 (2013) 蔬菜害虫及其天敌昆虫名录. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.] |
| [36] | Xu HG, Qiang S (2004) Inventory Invasive Species in China. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [36] | [徐海根, 强胜 (2004) 中国外来物种编目. 中国环境科学出版社, 北京.] |
| [37] | Yan J (2018) Pictorial Alien Invasive Species in China. China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [37] | [鄢建 (2018) 中国外来入侵物种图鉴. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.] |
| [38] | Yang D, Zhang ZH, Zhang X (2013) Catalogue of Insect Pests of Grassland in China. China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [38] | [杨定, 张泽华, 张晓 (2013) 中国草原害虫名录. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.] |
| [39] | Yu GY (2010) Atlas of the Ladybird (Coccinellinae) of China. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [39] | [虞国跃 (2010) 中国瓢虫科亚科图志. 化学工业出版社, 北京.] |
| [40] | Zhang WW, Li YS (2019) Chinese Insects Illustrated (2nd edn.). Chongqing University Press, Chongqing. (in Chinese) |
| [40] | [张巍巍, 李元胜 (2019) 中国昆虫生态大图鉴(第2版). 重庆大学出版社, 重庆.] |