大兴安岭地区是我国唯一的寒温带针叶林生态区, 具有全球重要性和特殊的自然保护价值。本研究针对该地区重点保护及珍稀动物未全部纳入保护地范围以及保护地分布破碎化的现状, 在建立物种信息数据库的基础上, 生成该地区重点保护及珍稀动物10 km × 10 km物种空间分布数据, 并结合土地利用、植被覆盖、海拔和坡度等与栖息地相关的辅助数据, 分析重点保护及珍稀动物的现有空间分布格局, 以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数作为重点保护和珍稀动物的丰富度指标, 通过将现有保护地范围与物种空间分布进行叠加, 得到重点保护及珍稀动物的保护空缺。结果显示: (1)现有空缺区域内濒危、易危和近危物种均有分布, 主要保护空缺对象有黑嘴松鸡(Tetrao parvirostris)、紫貂(Martes zibellina)、小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)等; (2)保护程度较高的区域主要位于额尔古纳市北部和呼玛县西部等地。尽管重点保护和珍稀动物的空间分布与现有保护地范围基本匹配, 但不同地理空间仍存在不同程度的保护空缺; (3)保护空缺主要有两种类型, 即尚未受到保护的空白地区和未被完全纳入现有保护地的空缺地。基于以上结果, 建议针对两类不同的保护空缺采取不同的保护措施, 如对于根河市与牙克石市交界处未建立保护地的保护空白区, 建议新建保护区或保护小区; 对于重点保护和珍稀动物未被完全纳入现有保护地体系的区域, 如内蒙古阿尔山自然保护区北部外延的空缺地, 建议通过对现有保护地进行相应程度的扩建, 完善现有保护地体系, 从而促进大兴安岭地区重点保护及珍稀动物的保护进程。

Aims The Da Hinggan Range Region is the only cold-temperate coniferous forest ecological zone in China, which has global importance and special nature conservation value. Based on the establishment of species information database, this study analyzed the spatial distribution of key protected and rare animals in the area so as to promote the conservation of biodiversity in Da Hinggan Range Region.

Methods The 10 km × 10 km grid spatial distribution data of key protected and rare animals in the area was established, and the habitat-related auxiliary data such as land use, vegetation cover, elevation and slope were also analyzed. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used as the degree of richness of key protected and rare animals. In order to obtain the conservation gaps in Da Hinggan Range Region, the existing spatial distribution of key protected and rare animals was overlaid on the existing protected areas.

Results (1) The existing conservation gaps mainly include endangered, vulnerable and near-threatened species. The animals under threaten include Tetrao parvirostris, Martes zibellina and Cygnus columbianus, etc. (2) The areas with higher conservation degree are mainly located in the north of Erguna City and the western part of Huma County. Although the spatial distribution of key protected and rare animals basically matches the scope of existing protected areas, there are still conservation gaps of different degrees in different geographic areas. (3) There are mainly two types of conservation gaps: conservation gaps that have not been protected and gaps that have not been fully incorporated into existing protected areas.

Conclusion & suggestions Different conservation measures should be taken for the two different types of conservation gaps. For the unprotected areas at the intersection of Genhe City and Yakeshi City, it is suggested that a new nature reserve or a protected area be built. For the protected area that key protected and rare animals that are not fully integrated into, such as the gap area in the northern extension of Aershan Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, it is suggested that improve the existing protected area system by expanding the existing nature reserve accordingly.