生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23417. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023417
• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇
谭晓丹1, 张鹏2, 朱思睿2, 刘向2, 周淑荣1, 刘木2,*(
)
收稿日期:2023-11-05
接受日期:2024-01-05
出版日期:2024-01-20
发布日期:2024-02-07
通讯作者:
*E-mail: liumu@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Xiaodan Tan1, Peng Zhang2, Sirui Zhu2, Xiang Liu2, Shurong Zhou1, Mu Liu2,*()
Received:2023-11-05
Accepted:2024-01-05
Online:2024-01-20
Published:2024-02-07
Contact:
*E-mail: liumu@lzu.edu.cn
摘要：
灌丛化在青藏高原高寒草甸普遍存在, 其发生的可能原因包括全球变暖、CO2浓度增加、过度放牧和人类活动等。灌丛化对草地生态系统有正负两方面的影响, 且该影响的方向和强度依赖于环境条件。虽然已有诸多研究探讨了灌丛化对草地生态系统的影响, 但其对昆虫植食作用的影响格局和机制仍不清楚。本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸常见物种圆穗蓼(Polygonum macrophyllum)为研究对象, 通过比较不同盖度(0、50%、100%)的金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛下圆穗蓼的昆虫植食作用, 探究了灌丛化对昆虫植食作用的影响, 以及这种影响如何随气候和土壤条件变化而变化。结果表明: (1)圆穗蓼昆虫植食作用随灌丛盖度增加而增强; (2)灌丛化对圆穗蓼昆虫植食作用的影响在年均温低、土壤有效磷含量低、土壤碳含量和氮含量高的情况下更显著。本研究揭示了灌丛化对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统中圆穗蓼昆虫植食作用的影响, 并进一步揭示这种影响具有环境依赖性。这一结论为探究灌丛化对草地昆虫植食作用的影响提供了证据, 对于认识和科学管理青藏高原灌丛化草地具有重要的现实意义。
谭晓丹, 张鹏, 朱思睿, 刘向, 周淑荣, 刘木 (2024) 青藏高原高寒草甸灌丛化对圆穗蓼昆虫植食作用的影响. 生物多样性, 32, 23417. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023417.
Xiaodan Tan, Peng Zhang, Sirui Zhu, Xiang Liu, Shurong Zhou, Mu Liu (2024) Effect of shrub encroachment on insect herbivory of Polygonum macrophyllum in alpine meadow of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23417. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023417.
图1 本实验在青藏高原的采样点分布
Fig. 1 The distribution of sampling sites across the Qinghai- Xizang Plateau for this experiment
图2 昆虫植食作用及不同灌丛盖度处理。(a)、(b)、(c)分别是灌丛盖度为0、50%、100%的处理。
Fig. 2 Insect herbivory and different shrub coverage treatments. (a), (b) and (c) are treatments with shrub coverage of 0, 50% and 100%, respectively.
图3 灌丛盖度对昆虫植食作用的影响。图中阴影区域为95%的置信区间。Rc2指固定效应和随机效应共同的R2; Rm2指固定效应的R2。
Fig. 3 Effect of shrub coverage on insect herbivory. The shaded areas are 95% confidence intervals. Rc2 means R2 of fixed effect and random effect; Rm2 means R2 of fixed effect.
图4 不同环境条件下灌丛盖度对昆虫植食作用的影响。(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)分别显示在年平均温度较低、土壤碳含量和氮含量较高以及土壤有效磷含量较低的条件下, 灌丛盖度对昆虫植食作用的正效应更显著。阴影区域为95%的置信区间。
Fig. 4 Effects of shrub cover on insect herbivory under different environmental factors. Under the conditions of lower mean annual temperature (a), higher soil carbon content (b) and nitrogen content (c), and lower soil available phosphorus content (d), the positive effect of shrub cover on insect herbivory was stronger. The shaded area is a 95% confidence interval.
| 变量 Variable | 分子自由度 Num df | 分母自由度 Den df | 估计值 Estimate | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | -0.097 | 0.681 | 0.411 |
| 海拔 Elevation | 1 | 105 | -0.001 | 0.074 | 0.807 |
| 盖度 × 海拔 Coverage × Elevation | 1 | 105 | < 0.001 | 1.330 | 0.252 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.043 | 24.591 | < 0.001 |
| 年均温 Mean annual temperature | 1 | 105 | -0.182 | 0.175 | 0.703 |
| 盖度 × 年均温 Coverage × Mean annual temperature | 1 | 105 | -0.008 | 4.604 | 0.034 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.297 | 3.342 | 0.070 |
| 年均降水 Mean annual precipitation | 1 | 105 | 0.015 | 0.147 | 0.732 |
| 盖度 × 年均降水 Coverage × Mean annual precipitation | 1 | 105 | > -0.001 | 2.543 | 0.114 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.015 | 0.714 | 0.400 |
| 土壤含水量 Soil water content | 1 | 105 | -2.094 | 0.243 | 0.662 |
| 盖度 × 土壤含水量 Coverage × Soil water content | 1 | 105 | 0.040 | 2.085 | 0.152 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.054 | 0.645 | 0.424 |
| 土壤酸碱度 Soil pH | 1 | 105 | 0.447 | 0.075 | 0.805 |
| 盖度 × 土壤酸碱度 Coverage × Soil pH | 1 | 105 | -0.003 | 0.055 | 0.815 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.983 |
| 土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus | 1 | 105 | -0.434 | 0.004 | 0.954 |
| 盖度 × 土壤全磷含量 Coverage × Soil total phosphorus | 1 | 105 | 0.042 | 0.855 | 0.357 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.140 | 12.999 | < 0.001 |
| 土壤有效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus | 1 | 105 | -0.058 | 0.005 | 0.950 |
| 盖度 × 土壤有效磷含量 Coverage × Soil available phosphorus | 1 | 105 | -0.019 | 7.195 | 0.008 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | -0.142 | 6.596 | 0.012 |
| 土壤碳含量 Soil carban content | 1 | 105 | 0.035 | 0.534 | 0.467 |
| 盖度 × 土壤碳含量 Coverage × Soil carbon content | 1 | 105 | 0.002 | 10.859 | 0.001 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | -0.129 | 4.280 | 0.041 |
| 土壤氮含量 Soil nitrogen content | 1 | 105 | 0.561 | 0.542 | 0.491 |
| 盖度 × 土壤氮含量 Coverage × Soil nitrogen content | 1 | 105 | 0.010 | 7.341 | 0.008 |
表1 灌丛盖度、环境因子及其交互效应对昆虫植食作用的影响。粗体表示效应显著(P < 0.05)
Table 1 Effects of shrub cover, environmental factors and their interaction effects on insect herbivory. Bold indicates significant effects (P < 0.05)
| 变量 Variable | 分子自由度 Num df | 分母自由度 Den df | 估计值 Estimate | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | -0.097 | 0.681 | 0.411 |
| 海拔 Elevation | 1 | 105 | -0.001 | 0.074 | 0.807 |
| 盖度 × 海拔 Coverage × Elevation | 1 | 105 | < 0.001 | 1.330 | 0.252 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.043 | 24.591 | < 0.001 |
| 年均温 Mean annual temperature | 1 | 105 | -0.182 | 0.175 | 0.703 |
| 盖度 × 年均温 Coverage × Mean annual temperature | 1 | 105 | -0.008 | 4.604 | 0.034 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.297 | 3.342 | 0.070 |
| 年均降水 Mean annual precipitation | 1 | 105 | 0.015 | 0.147 | 0.732 |
| 盖度 × 年均降水 Coverage × Mean annual precipitation | 1 | 105 | > -0.001 | 2.543 | 0.114 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.015 | 0.714 | 0.400 |
| 土壤含水量 Soil water content | 1 | 105 | -2.094 | 0.243 | 0.662 |
| 盖度 × 土壤含水量 Coverage × Soil water content | 1 | 105 | 0.040 | 2.085 | 0.152 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.054 | 0.645 | 0.424 |
| 土壤酸碱度 Soil pH | 1 | 105 | 0.447 | 0.075 | 0.805 |
| 盖度 × 土壤酸碱度 Coverage × Soil pH | 1 | 105 | -0.003 | 0.055 | 0.815 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.983 |
| 土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus | 1 | 105 | -0.434 | 0.004 | 0.954 |
| 盖度 × 土壤全磷含量 Coverage × Soil total phosphorus | 1 | 105 | 0.042 | 0.855 | 0.357 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | 0.140 | 12.999 | < 0.001 |
| 土壤有效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus | 1 | 105 | -0.058 | 0.005 | 0.950 |
| 盖度 × 土壤有效磷含量 Coverage × Soil available phosphorus | 1 | 105 | -0.019 | 7.195 | 0.008 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | -0.142 | 6.596 | 0.012 |
| 土壤碳含量 Soil carban content | 1 | 105 | 0.035 | 0.534 | 0.467 |
| 盖度 × 土壤碳含量 Coverage × Soil carbon content | 1 | 105 | 0.002 | 10.859 | 0.001 |
| 盖度 Coverage | 1 | 105 | -0.129 | 4.280 | 0.041 |
| 土壤氮含量 Soil nitrogen content | 1 | 105 | 0.561 | 0.542 | 0.491 |
| 盖度 × 土壤氮含量 Coverage × Soil nitrogen content | 1 | 105 | 0.010 | 7.341 | 0.008 |
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