生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 242-249.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13188

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构建大尺度绿色廊道, 保护区域生物多样性

穆少杰, 周可新*(), 方颖, 朱超   

  1. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
  • 收稿日期:2013-08-15 接受日期:2014-01-09 出版日期:2014-03-20 发布日期:2014-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 周可新
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC01B08);环保公益类项目(201209027);环境保护部“生物多样性保护专项”

The need and the prospects for developing large-scale green corridors to protect biodiversity

Shaojie Mu, Kexin Zhou*(), Ying Fang, Chao Zhu   

  1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environment Protection, Nanjing 210042
  • Received:2013-08-15 Accepted:2014-01-09 Online:2014-03-20 Published:2014-04-03
  • Contact: Zhou Kexin

摘要:

生境破碎化可导致物种数量减少、死亡率增加及迁移率下降, 是生物多样性降低与物种灭绝的重要影响因素。构建绿色廊道可将彼此隔离的植被斑块连接起来, 有助于减少甚至消除景观破碎化对生物多样性的影响。国外的生态环境保护组织较早地意识到了建立大尺度绿色廊道对于景观连通性、生物多样性保持和恢复的重要性, 已经在区域尺度、国家尺度或洲际尺度陆续构建了若干大型绿色廊道。我国于20世纪70年代起开展的“三北防护林工程”, 在干旱区的大部分地区已建成连片的大型防护林体系, 构成了三北地区大型廊道网络体系。然而, 现阶段我国的绿色廊道建设多集中在小尺度的城市绿化建设方面, 而在区域、国家、洲际尺度绿色廊道的构建方面尚属空白。本文对目前国外典型大尺度绿色廊道的建设目的、发展历程和空间分布作了介绍, 回顾了我国绿色廊道发展的三个主要阶段。本文提出我国绿色廊道发展的趋势应由城市尺度的点、线状向区域、国家尺度的片、面、带状过渡, 并将部分地区廊道的规划建设重点引向体现其生态功能的方向, 发挥其野生生物线状开放系统的潜在疏导功能, 从而为景观多样性、生物多样性的保护奠定基础。在借鉴国际经验的同时结合我国实际情况, 提出了我国大尺度绿色廊道可依托于现有的自然保护系统、城市绿色廊道网络及特定自然景观进行构建。

关键词: 景观连通性, 三北防护林, 自然保护系统, 城市绿道网络

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation can decrease species numbers and mobility and increase mortality rates. This process is widely recognized as the primary threat to the loss of biodiversity loss and the primary cause of species extinction. Green corridors provide a natural link between large areas of natural landscape. These corridors facilitate the movement and migration of wildlife. Several foreign environmental conservation groups have been aware of the positive impacts of large-scale green corridors on the protection of biodiversity and landscape connectivity, and a number of attempts have been made to pursue this goal. In China, the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest project launched in 1970s composed large scale ecological barrier system in most area of arid region, which is an example of large-scale green corridors. At present, the applications of green corridors in China primarily involve urban greening. These corridors are generally planned and implemented on a small, local scale without adequate consideration for ecological integrity and connectivity. This article introduces the primary mission and development history of the world’s principal large-scale corridors. The progress of development and the practice of planning for green corridors in China are topics of concern, and the shortage of green corridors in the country has been recognized. Based on the current status of the Nature Reserve System, Urban Corridor Network and specific natural landscapes in China, a feasible development scheme for large-scale green corridors in China has been proposed.

Key words: biodiversity, large-scale corridors, Nature Reserve System, Urban Corridor Network