生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 694-700. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016003
所属专题: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
罗晓1,2, 李峰1,3, 陈静1,2, 蒋志刚1,2,,A;*()
收稿日期:
2016-01-03
接受日期:
2016-05-13
出版日期:
2016-06-20
发布日期:
2016-06-20
通讯作者:
蒋志刚
Xiao Luo1,2, Feng Li1,3, Jing Chen1,2, Zhigang Jiang1,2,*()
Received:
2016-01-03
Accepted:
2016-05-13
Online:
2016-06-20
Published:
2016-06-20
Contact:
Jiang Zhigang
摘要:
本研究选择线粒体细胞色素b (cytochrome b, Cyt b)和控制区(control region, CR)片段作为分子标记, 探讨了青海湖地区狗獾(Meles sp.)的系统发育地位和狗獾属分歧时间。研究结果支持目前将狗獾属分为4个种的结论。Cyt b和CR片段序列拼接后总长1,652 bp, 23条序列共定义了21个单倍型。研究结果表明欧亚大陆狗獾分为东西两个支系, 每个支系进一步分为两个种: 东部支系包括亚洲狗獾(M. leucurus)和日本狗獾(M. anakuma); 西部支系包括欧洲狗獾(M. meles)和西南亚狗獾(M. canescens)。贝叶斯树和单倍型网络关系图都支持青海湖地区狗獾属于亚洲狗獾。分歧时间的估算结果与古生物学证据相符, 东部支系和西部支系在2.24 Ma左右产生分歧, 西南亚狗獾在1.27 Ma左右从欧洲狗獾分出, 而日本狗獾和亚洲狗獾的分化时间为0.99 Ma左右。
罗晓, 李峰, 陈静, 蒋志刚 (2016) 青海湖地区狗獾分类地位和狗獾属进化历史探讨. 生物多样性, 24, 694-700. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016003.
Xiao Luo, Feng Li, Jing Chen, Zhigang Jiang (2016) The taxonomic status of badgers in the Qinghai Lake area and evolutionary history of Meles. Biodiversity Science, 24, 694-700. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016003.
图1 欧亚大陆狗獾分布示意图。灰色区域表示狗獾分布范围, 黑色粗线表示各种群的分界线, 黑色三角符号为采样点。
Fig. 1 Geographic distribution of Eurasian badger. The grey area shows the range of Eurasian badger, the black lines represent geographic boundaries of each phylogenetic group and the black triangle indicates our sampling locality.
单倍型 Haplotype | 样本代码 Sample code | 样本编号 Sample no. | 采样点 Sampling locality | 序列号 Accession no. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyt b | Control region | ||||
H1 | QH1 | B1 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | KU361236 | KU361238 |
H2 | QH2 | B2 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | KU361237 | KU361239 |
H2 | QH3 | B3 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | KU361237 | KU361239 |
H3 | QH4 | B4 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | - | KU361239 |
H4 | QH5 | B5 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | - | KU361240 |
H4 | QH6 | B6 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | - | KU361240 |
H5 | China | - | 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | KU052604 | KU052604 |
H6 | Sweden | - | 瑞典 Sweden | AM711900 | AM711900 |
H7 | Mongolia | 45Mo | 蒙古 Mongolia | HQ711950 | AJ563694 |
H8 | Greece | 80Cr | 希腊克里特岛 Crete Island, Greece | HQ711947 | GU247573 |
H9 | Israel1 | 49Is | 以色列 Israel | HQ711946 | AJ563686 |
H10 | Israel2 | 48Is | 以色列 Israel | HQ711945 | AJ563685 |
H11 | Spain | 35Sp | 西班牙 Spain | HQ711943 | AJ563676 |
H12 | Russia1 | ZIS33 | 俄罗斯外贝加尔地区 Transbaikalia, Russia | AB049807 | AB538995 |
H13 | Russia2 | ZIS36 | 俄罗斯列宁格勒州 Leningrad Province, Russia | AB049808 | AB538997 |
H14 | Russia3 | ZIS35 | 俄罗斯列宁格勒州 Leningrad Province, Russia | AB049809 | AB538998 |
H15 | Japan1 | K1 | 日本九州大分县 Oita, Kyushu, Japan | AB049806 | AB538971 |
H16 | Japan2 | K6 | 日本九州大分县 Oita, Kyushu, Japan | AB049800 | AB538971 |
H17 | Japan3 | K7 | 日本九州大分县 Oita, Kyushu, Japan | AB049802 | AB538971 |
H18 | Japan4 | K8 | 日本九州福冈县 Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan | AB049799 | AB538971 |
H19 | Japan5 | YMG1 | 日本本州山口县 Yamaguchi, Honshu, Japan | AB049795 | AB538983 |
H20 | Japan6 | MR1 | 日本九州岩手县 Iwate, Kyushu, Japan | AB049791 | AB538977 |
H21 | Japan7 | KPM-NF1002945 | 日本本州神奈川县 Kanagawa, Honshu, Japan | AB291075 | AB291075 |
Arctonyx collaris | YP6001 | HM106329 | HM106329 |
表1 本研究中的线粒体DNA序列信息
Table 1 The mitochondrial DNA sequences information in this study
单倍型 Haplotype | 样本代码 Sample code | 样本编号 Sample no. | 采样点 Sampling locality | 序列号 Accession no. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyt b | Control region | ||||
H1 | QH1 | B1 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | KU361236 | KU361238 |
H2 | QH2 | B2 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | KU361237 | KU361239 |
H2 | QH3 | B3 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | KU361237 | KU361239 |
H3 | QH4 | B4 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | - | KU361239 |
H4 | QH5 | B5 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | - | KU361240 |
H4 | QH6 | B6 | 中国青海 Qinghai, China | - | KU361240 |
H5 | China | - | 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | KU052604 | KU052604 |
H6 | Sweden | - | 瑞典 Sweden | AM711900 | AM711900 |
H7 | Mongolia | 45Mo | 蒙古 Mongolia | HQ711950 | AJ563694 |
H8 | Greece | 80Cr | 希腊克里特岛 Crete Island, Greece | HQ711947 | GU247573 |
H9 | Israel1 | 49Is | 以色列 Israel | HQ711946 | AJ563686 |
H10 | Israel2 | 48Is | 以色列 Israel | HQ711945 | AJ563685 |
H11 | Spain | 35Sp | 西班牙 Spain | HQ711943 | AJ563676 |
H12 | Russia1 | ZIS33 | 俄罗斯外贝加尔地区 Transbaikalia, Russia | AB049807 | AB538995 |
H13 | Russia2 | ZIS36 | 俄罗斯列宁格勒州 Leningrad Province, Russia | AB049808 | AB538997 |
H14 | Russia3 | ZIS35 | 俄罗斯列宁格勒州 Leningrad Province, Russia | AB049809 | AB538998 |
H15 | Japan1 | K1 | 日本九州大分县 Oita, Kyushu, Japan | AB049806 | AB538971 |
H16 | Japan2 | K6 | 日本九州大分县 Oita, Kyushu, Japan | AB049800 | AB538971 |
H17 | Japan3 | K7 | 日本九州大分县 Oita, Kyushu, Japan | AB049802 | AB538971 |
H18 | Japan4 | K8 | 日本九州福冈县 Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan | AB049799 | AB538971 |
H19 | Japan5 | YMG1 | 日本本州山口县 Yamaguchi, Honshu, Japan | AB049795 | AB538983 |
H20 | Japan6 | MR1 | 日本九州岩手县 Iwate, Kyushu, Japan | AB049791 | AB538977 |
H21 | Japan7 | KPM-NF1002945 | 日本本州神奈川县 Kanagawa, Honshu, Japan | AB291075 | AB291075 |
Arctonyx collaris | YP6001 | HM106329 | HM106329 |
图2 根据线粒体DNA构建的贝叶斯系统发育树。样本代码见表1, 其中QH1-6为青海湖地区狗獾, 枝上数字为主要分支的贝叶斯后验概率和分歧时间(95%置信区间)。
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial DNA obtained from Bayesian analysis. The sample codes correspond with those in Table 1, in which QH1-6 represent badgers of Qinghai Lake area. The numbers on the branch indicate Bayesian posterior probability and estimated divergence time (with 95% HPD).
西南亚狗獾 M. canescens | 欧洲狗獾 M. meles | 日本狗獾 M. anakuma | 亚洲狗獾 M. leucurus | |
---|---|---|---|---|
欧洲狗獾 M. meles | 0.034 ± 0.007 | |||
日本狗獾 M. anakuma | 0.042 ± 0.009 | 0.043 ± 0.008 | ||
亚洲狗獾 M. leucurus | 0.040 ± 0.008 | 0.041 ± 0.008 | 0.021 ± 0.005 | |
青海湖地区狗獾 Badger in the Qinghai Lake area | 0.038 ± 0.008 | 0.041 ± 0.008 | 0.020 ± 0.006 | 0.017 ± 0.004 |
表2 欧亚狗獾不同类群间遗传距离
Table 2 Genetic distances among different Eurasian badger groups
西南亚狗獾 M. canescens | 欧洲狗獾 M. meles | 日本狗獾 M. anakuma | 亚洲狗獾 M. leucurus | |
---|---|---|---|---|
欧洲狗獾 M. meles | 0.034 ± 0.007 | |||
日本狗獾 M. anakuma | 0.042 ± 0.009 | 0.043 ± 0.008 | ||
亚洲狗獾 M. leucurus | 0.040 ± 0.008 | 0.041 ± 0.008 | 0.021 ± 0.005 | |
青海湖地区狗獾 Badger in the Qinghai Lake area | 0.038 ± 0.008 | 0.041 ± 0.008 | 0.020 ± 0.006 | 0.017 ± 0.004 |
图3 欧亚狗獾线粒体基因21个单倍型的网络关系图。单倍型H1-4为青海湖地区狗獾(灰色), 各单倍型信息见表1, 黑色圆点表示缺失单倍型, 圆点大小与单倍型频率成正比。对应的4个分支用虚线圈出。
Fig. 3 The network based on 21 haplotypes of Eurasian badgers mitochondrial DNA. H1-4 represent Qinghai badgers (in grey). All haplotypes are displayed in Table 1. The black circles represent missing haplotypes. The sizes of the white circles in the network represent the frequencies of each haplotype. Four badger’s groups are circled by dotted line.
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