生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 243-246. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015017
所属专题： 中国生物物种编目进展
杨永*(
)
收稿日期:2015-01-29
接受日期:2015-03-17
出版日期:2015-03-20
发布日期:2015-04-09
通讯作者:
杨永
基金资助:
Yong Yang*()
Received:2015-01-29
Accepted:2015-03-17
Online:2015-03-20
Published:2015-04-09
Contact:
Yang Yong
杨永 (2015) 中国裸子植物的多样性和地理分布. 生物多样性, 23, 243-246. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015017.
Yong Yang (2015) Diversity and distribution of gymnosperms in China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 243-246. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015017.
图1 中国裸子植物种和种下接受名称数量的历史变化
Fig. 1 Historical changes in the amount of recognized species and infraspecies of gymnosperms in China
| 省份 Province | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 4(40%) | 7(15.6%) | 16(6.2%) |
| 吉林 Jilin | 4(40%) | 9(20.0%) | 15(5.8%) |
| 辽宁 Liaoning | 4(40%) | 9(20.0%) | 23(8.8%) |
| 内蒙古 Nei Mongol | 3(30%) | 6(13.3%) | 20(7.7%) |
| 宁夏 Ningxia | 3(30%) | 4(8.9%) | 11(4.2%) |
| 甘肃 Gansu | 4(40%) | 15(33.3%) | 45(17.3%) |
| 青海 Qinghai | 3(30%) | 5(11.1%) | 26(10.0%) |
| 新疆 Xinjiang | 3(30%) | 6(13.3%) | 17(6.5%) |
| 陕西 Shaanxi | 5(50%) | 17(37.8%) | 35(13.5%) |
| 河北 Hebei | 3(30%) | 8(17.8%) | 14(5.4%) |
| 北京 Beijing | 4(40%) | 7(15.6%) | 11(4.2%) |
| 山西 Shanxi | 3(30%) | 6(13.3%) | 13(5.0%) |
| 山东 Shandong | 5(50%) | 15(33.3%) | 26(10.0%) |
| 河南 Henan | 3(30%) | 16(35.6%) | 29(11.2%) |
| 安徽 Anhui | 4(40%) | 15(33.3%) | 28(10.8%) |
| 浙江 Zhejiang | 6(60%) | 28(62.2%) | 49(18.8%) |
| 江苏 Jiangsu | 5(50%) | 20(44.4%) | 51(19.6%) |
| 上海 Shanghai | 2(20%) | 2(4.4%) | 2(0.8%) |
| 福建 Fujian | 7(70%) | 27(60.0%) | 50(19.2%) |
| 西藏 Xizang | 5(50%) | 15(33.3%) | 57(21.9%) |
| 云南 Yunnan | 8(80%) | 31(68.9%) | 102(39.2%) |
| 四川 Sichuan | 6(60%) | 26(57.8%) | 81(31.2%) |
| 重庆 Chongqing | 4(40%) | 8(17.8%) | 8(3.1%) |
| 贵州 Guizhou | 8(80%) | 27(60.0%) | 50(19.2%) |
| 湖北 Hubei | 6(60%) | 25(55.6%) | 49(18.8%) |
| 湖南 Hunan | 6(60%) | 25(55.6%) | 39(15.0%) |
| 江西 Jiangxi | 6(60%) | 32(71.1%) | 69(26.5%) |
| 广西 Guangxi | 7(70%) | 32(71.1%) | 68(26.2%) |
| 广东 Guangdong | 7(70%) | 26(57.8%) | 46(17.7%) |
| 海南 Hainan | 7(70%) | 12(26.7%) | 22(8.5%) |
| 香港 Hong Kong | 6(60%) | 8(17.8%) | 12(4.6%) |
| 台湾 Taiwan | 5(50%) | 20(44.4%) | 35(13.5%) |
| 澳门 Macau | 3(30%) | 3(6.7%) | 4(1.5%) |
| 总计 Total | 10 | 45 | 260 |
表1 裸子植物在全国各省的分布统计
Table 1 Provincial distribution of gymnosperms in China
| 省份 Province | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 4(40%) | 7(15.6%) | 16(6.2%) |
| 吉林 Jilin | 4(40%) | 9(20.0%) | 15(5.8%) |
| 辽宁 Liaoning | 4(40%) | 9(20.0%) | 23(8.8%) |
| 内蒙古 Nei Mongol | 3(30%) | 6(13.3%) | 20(7.7%) |
| 宁夏 Ningxia | 3(30%) | 4(8.9%) | 11(4.2%) |
| 甘肃 Gansu | 4(40%) | 15(33.3%) | 45(17.3%) |
| 青海 Qinghai | 3(30%) | 5(11.1%) | 26(10.0%) |
| 新疆 Xinjiang | 3(30%) | 6(13.3%) | 17(6.5%) |
| 陕西 Shaanxi | 5(50%) | 17(37.8%) | 35(13.5%) |
| 河北 Hebei | 3(30%) | 8(17.8%) | 14(5.4%) |
| 北京 Beijing | 4(40%) | 7(15.6%) | 11(4.2%) |
| 山西 Shanxi | 3(30%) | 6(13.3%) | 13(5.0%) |
| 山东 Shandong | 5(50%) | 15(33.3%) | 26(10.0%) |
| 河南 Henan | 3(30%) | 16(35.6%) | 29(11.2%) |
| 安徽 Anhui | 4(40%) | 15(33.3%) | 28(10.8%) |
| 浙江 Zhejiang | 6(60%) | 28(62.2%) | 49(18.8%) |
| 江苏 Jiangsu | 5(50%) | 20(44.4%) | 51(19.6%) |
| 上海 Shanghai | 2(20%) | 2(4.4%) | 2(0.8%) |
| 福建 Fujian | 7(70%) | 27(60.0%) | 50(19.2%) |
| 西藏 Xizang | 5(50%) | 15(33.3%) | 57(21.9%) |
| 云南 Yunnan | 8(80%) | 31(68.9%) | 102(39.2%) |
| 四川 Sichuan | 6(60%) | 26(57.8%) | 81(31.2%) |
| 重庆 Chongqing | 4(40%) | 8(17.8%) | 8(3.1%) |
| 贵州 Guizhou | 8(80%) | 27(60.0%) | 50(19.2%) |
| 湖北 Hubei | 6(60%) | 25(55.6%) | 49(18.8%) |
| 湖南 Hunan | 6(60%) | 25(55.6%) | 39(15.0%) |
| 江西 Jiangxi | 6(60%) | 32(71.1%) | 69(26.5%) |
| 广西 Guangxi | 7(70%) | 32(71.1%) | 68(26.2%) |
| 广东 Guangdong | 7(70%) | 26(57.8%) | 46(17.7%) |
| 海南 Hainan | 7(70%) | 12(26.7%) | 22(8.5%) |
| 香港 Hong Kong | 6(60%) | 8(17.8%) | 12(4.6%) |
| 台湾 Taiwan | 5(50%) | 20(44.4%) | 35(13.5%) |
| 澳门 Macau | 3(30%) | 3(6.7%) | 4(1.5%) |
| 总计 Total | 10 | 45 | 260 |
| 科 Family | Pilger, 1926 | Pilger & Melchior, 1954 Class | Cheng & Fu, 1978 | Kubitzkii, 1990; Page, 1990; Johnson & Wilson, 1990 | Fu et al., 2004 | Christenhusz et al., 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cycadaceae | Cycadales | Cycadopsida | Cycadopsida | Cycadatae | Cycadopsida | Cycadidae |
| Boweniaceae | Cycadatae | |||||
| Stangeriaceae | Cycadatae | |||||
| Zamiaceae | Cycadatae | Cycadidae | ||||
| Ginkgoaceae | Gingoales | Cycadopsida | Ginkgopsida | Ginkgoatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Ginkgoidae |
| Araucariaceae | Coniferae | Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Pinidae |
| Podocarpaceae | Coniferae | Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Nageiaceae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | |||||
| Phyllocladaceae | Pinatae | |||||
| Pinaceae Taxodiaceae Cupressaceae | Coniferae Coniferae Coniferae | Coniferopsida Coniferopsida Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida Coniferopsida Coniferopsida | Pinatae Pinatae Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Sciadopityaceae | Pinatae | Pinidae | ||||
| Cephalotaxaceae | Coniferae | Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Taxaceae | Coniferae | Taxopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Ephedraceae | Gnetales | Chlamydospermae | Chlamydospermopsida | Gnetatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Gnetidae |
| Welwitschiaceae | Gnetales | Chlamydospermae | Chlamydospermopsida | Gnetatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Gnetidae |
| Gnetaceae | Gnetales | Chlamydospermae | Chlamydospermopsida | Gnetatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Gnetidae |
附表1 裸子植物6个系统的比较
Table S1 A comparison of six classification systems of gymnosperms
| 科 Family | Pilger, 1926 | Pilger & Melchior, 1954 Class | Cheng & Fu, 1978 | Kubitzkii, 1990; Page, 1990; Johnson & Wilson, 1990 | Fu et al., 2004 | Christenhusz et al., 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cycadaceae | Cycadales | Cycadopsida | Cycadopsida | Cycadatae | Cycadopsida | Cycadidae |
| Boweniaceae | Cycadatae | |||||
| Stangeriaceae | Cycadatae | |||||
| Zamiaceae | Cycadatae | Cycadidae | ||||
| Ginkgoaceae | Gingoales | Cycadopsida | Ginkgopsida | Ginkgoatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Ginkgoidae |
| Araucariaceae | Coniferae | Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Pinidae |
| Podocarpaceae | Coniferae | Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Nageiaceae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | |||||
| Phyllocladaceae | Pinatae | |||||
| Pinaceae Taxodiaceae Cupressaceae | Coniferae Coniferae Coniferae | Coniferopsida Coniferopsida Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida Coniferopsida Coniferopsida | Pinatae Pinatae Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Sciadopityaceae | Pinatae | Pinidae | ||||
| Cephalotaxaceae | Coniferae | Coniferopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Taxaceae | Coniferae | Taxopsida | Coniferopsida | Pinatae | Coniferopsida-Taxidae | Pinidae |
| Ephedraceae | Gnetales | Chlamydospermae | Chlamydospermopsida | Gnetatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Gnetidae |
| Welwitschiaceae | Gnetales | Chlamydospermae | Chlamydospermopsida | Gnetatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Gnetidae |
| Gnetaceae | Gnetales | Chlamydospermae | Chlamydospermopsida | Gnetatae | Coniferopsida-Multinervidae | Gnetidae |
| 亚纲 Subclass | 目 Order | 科名 Family | 亚科 Subfamily | 属 Genus | 种数 | No. of species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOC | This study | |||||
| 苏铁亚纲Cycadidae | 苏铁目Cycadales | 苏铁科Cycadaceae | – | 苏铁属Cycas L. | 16 | 28 |
| 银杏亚纲Ginkgoidae | 银杏目Ginkgoales | *银杏科Ginkgoaceae | – | *银杏属Ginkgo L. | 1 | 1 |
| 买麻藤亚纲 Gnetidae | 买麻藤目Gnetales | 买麻藤科Gnetaceae | – | 买麻藤属Gnetum L. | 9 | 10 |
| 麻黄目Ephedrales | 麻黄科Ephedraceae | – | 麻黄属Ephedra L. | 14 | 16 | |
| 松柏亚纲 Pinidae | 松目 Pinales | 松科Pinaceae | 松亚科Pinoideae | 松属Pinus L. | 39 | 42 |
| *银杉属Cathaya Chun et Kuang | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 云杉属Picea A. Dietrich | 18 | 21 | ||||
| 落叶松亚科Laricoideae | 落叶松属Larix Miller | 11 | 8 | |||
| 黄杉属Pseudotsuga Carrière | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 冷杉亚科Abietoideae | 冷杉属Abies Miller | 22 | 21 | |||
| 雪松属Cedrus Trew | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 油杉属Keteleeria Carrière | 5 | 3 | ||||
| *长苞铁杉属Nothotsuga Hu ex C. N. Page | – | 1 | ||||
| *金钱松属Pseudolarix Gordon | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 铁杉属Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière | 4 | 4 | ||||
| 南洋杉目Araucariales | #南洋杉科Araucariaceae | #南洋杉属Araucaria Jussieu | 3 | 3 | ||
| #贝壳杉属Agathis Salisbury | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 罗汉松科Podocarpaceae | 鸡毛松属Dacrycarpus (Endlicher) de Laub. | 1 | 1 | |||
| 竹柏属Nageia Gaertner | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 罗汉松属Podocarpus L’Heritier ex Persoon | 7 | 8 | ||||
| 陆均松属Dacrydium Solander ex G. Forster | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 柏目Cupressales | 金松科Sciadopityaceae | #金松属Sciadopitys Siebold et Zucc. | 1 | 1 | ||
| 柏科Cupressaceae | 杉木亚科Cunninghamioideae | 杉木属Cunninghamia R. Brown ex Richard et A. Richard | 1 | 2 | ||
| 台湾杉亚科Taiwanioideae | 台湾杉属Taiwania Hayata | 1 | 1 | |||
| 红杉亚科Sequoioideae | *水杉属Metasequoia Hu et W. C. Cheng | 1 | 1 | |||
| #红杉属Sequoia Endlicher | 1 | 1 | ||||
| #巨杉属Sequoiadendron J. Buchholz | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 落羽杉亚科Taxodioideae | 柳杉属Cryptomeria D. Don | 1 | 1 | |||
| 水松属Glyptostrobus Endl. | 1 | 1 | ||||
| #落羽杉属Taxodium Richard | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 柏木亚科Cupressoideae | #罗汉柏属Thujopsis Siebold et Zucc. ex Endlicher | 1 | 1 | |||
| 崖柏属Thuja L. | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 侧柏属Platycladus Spach | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 福建柏属Fokienia A. Henry et H. H. Thomas | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 扁柏属Chamaecyparis Spach | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 翠柏属Calocedrus Kurz | 1 | 3 | ||||
| 刺柏属Juniperus L. | 23 | 21 | ||||
| 柏木属Cupressus L. | 9 | 6 | ||||
| 黄金柏属Xanthocyparis Farjon et Hiep | – | 1 | ||||
| #美洲柏木属Hesperocyparis Bartel et R. A. Price | – | 3 | ||||
| 红豆杉科 | 红豆杉属Taxus L. | 3 | 5 | |||
| Taxaceae | *白豆杉属Pseudotaxus W. C. Cheng | 1 | 1 | |||
| 三尖杉属Cephalotaxus Siebold et Zucc. ex Endlicher | 6 | 7 | ||||
| 穗花杉属Amentotaxus Pilger | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 榧属Torreya Arnott | 4 | 5 | ||||
| 总计Total | 7 | 10 | 45 | 237 | 260 |
附表2 中国裸子植物属的多样性：Flora of China (FOC)和本文的比较
Table S2 Generic diversity of gymnosperms from China: a comparison between Flora of China (FOC) and this study
| 亚纲 Subclass | 目 Order | 科名 Family | 亚科 Subfamily | 属 Genus | 种数 | No. of species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOC | This study | |||||
| 苏铁亚纲Cycadidae | 苏铁目Cycadales | 苏铁科Cycadaceae | – | 苏铁属Cycas L. | 16 | 28 |
| 银杏亚纲Ginkgoidae | 银杏目Ginkgoales | *银杏科Ginkgoaceae | – | *银杏属Ginkgo L. | 1 | 1 |
| 买麻藤亚纲 Gnetidae | 买麻藤目Gnetales | 买麻藤科Gnetaceae | – | 买麻藤属Gnetum L. | 9 | 10 |
| 麻黄目Ephedrales | 麻黄科Ephedraceae | – | 麻黄属Ephedra L. | 14 | 16 | |
| 松柏亚纲 Pinidae | 松目 Pinales | 松科Pinaceae | 松亚科Pinoideae | 松属Pinus L. | 39 | 42 |
| *银杉属Cathaya Chun et Kuang | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 云杉属Picea A. Dietrich | 18 | 21 | ||||
| 落叶松亚科Laricoideae | 落叶松属Larix Miller | 11 | 8 | |||
| 黄杉属Pseudotsuga Carrière | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 冷杉亚科Abietoideae | 冷杉属Abies Miller | 22 | 21 | |||
| 雪松属Cedrus Trew | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 油杉属Keteleeria Carrière | 5 | 3 | ||||
| *长苞铁杉属Nothotsuga Hu ex C. N. Page | – | 1 | ||||
| *金钱松属Pseudolarix Gordon | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 铁杉属Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière | 4 | 4 | ||||
| 南洋杉目Araucariales | #南洋杉科Araucariaceae | #南洋杉属Araucaria Jussieu | 3 | 3 | ||
| #贝壳杉属Agathis Salisbury | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 罗汉松科Podocarpaceae | 鸡毛松属Dacrycarpus (Endlicher) de Laub. | 1 | 1 | |||
| 竹柏属Nageia Gaertner | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 罗汉松属Podocarpus L’Heritier ex Persoon | 7 | 8 | ||||
| 陆均松属Dacrydium Solander ex G. Forster | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 柏目Cupressales | 金松科Sciadopityaceae | #金松属Sciadopitys Siebold et Zucc. | 1 | 1 | ||
| 柏科Cupressaceae | 杉木亚科Cunninghamioideae | 杉木属Cunninghamia R. Brown ex Richard et A. Richard | 1 | 2 | ||
| 台湾杉亚科Taiwanioideae | 台湾杉属Taiwania Hayata | 1 | 1 | |||
| 红杉亚科Sequoioideae | *水杉属Metasequoia Hu et W. C. Cheng | 1 | 1 | |||
| #红杉属Sequoia Endlicher | 1 | 1 | ||||
| #巨杉属Sequoiadendron J. Buchholz | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 落羽杉亚科Taxodioideae | 柳杉属Cryptomeria D. Don | 1 | 1 | |||
| 水松属Glyptostrobus Endl. | 1 | 1 | ||||
| #落羽杉属Taxodium Richard | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 柏木亚科Cupressoideae | #罗汉柏属Thujopsis Siebold et Zucc. ex Endlicher | 1 | 1 | |||
| 崖柏属Thuja L. | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 侧柏属Platycladus Spach | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 福建柏属Fokienia A. Henry et H. H. Thomas | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 扁柏属Chamaecyparis Spach | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 翠柏属Calocedrus Kurz | 1 | 3 | ||||
| 刺柏属Juniperus L. | 23 | 21 | ||||
| 柏木属Cupressus L. | 9 | 6 | ||||
| 黄金柏属Xanthocyparis Farjon et Hiep | – | 1 | ||||
| #美洲柏木属Hesperocyparis Bartel et R. A. Price | – | 3 | ||||
| 红豆杉科 | 红豆杉属Taxus L. | 3 | 5 | |||
| Taxaceae | *白豆杉属Pseudotaxus W. C. Cheng | 1 | 1 | |||
| 三尖杉属Cephalotaxus Siebold et Zucc. ex Endlicher | 6 | 7 | ||||
| 穗花杉属Amentotaxus Pilger | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 榧属Torreya Arnott | 4 | 5 | ||||
| 总计Total | 7 | 10 | 45 | 237 | 260 |
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