生物多样性 ›› 1995, Vol. 03 ›› Issue (3): 134-138.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.1995024

所属专题: 土壤生物与土壤健康

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极长城站地区土壤微生物生态作用的初步探讨

肖昌松,刘大力,周培瑾   

  1. (中国科学院微生物研究所,北京 100080)
  • 收稿日期:1994-09-27 修回日期:1994-12-17 出版日期:1995-08-20 发布日期:1995-08-20

Preliminary approach on the soil microbial ecological effect in the Great Wall Station area, Antarctic

Xiao Changsong, Liu Dali, Zhou Peijin   

  1. Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100080
  • Received:1994-09-27 Revised:1994-12-17 Online:1995-08-20 Published:1995-08-20

摘要:

从南极长城站附近联合采样13个,并进行了土壤微生物的数量统计与种类鉴定。氨化细菌的菌量为104~106cells/g,共7个属:微球菌属(Micrococcus),葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),产碱菌属(Alcaligenes),黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium),节杆菌属(Arthrobacter);固氮细菌菌量为105~107cells/g,仅一个固氮菌属(Azotobacter);硝化细菌一般为104cells/g,分属两个属:硝化杆菌属(Nitrobacter),硝化球菌属(Nitrococcus);真菌为103cells/g,分属5个属:青霉菌属(Penicillium),金孢霉菌属(Chrysosporium),枝孢霉菌属(Cladosporium),曲霉菌属(As-pergillus),散囊菌属(Eurotium),反硝化菌为  102~104cells/g,分属  3个属:假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),微球菌属(Micrococcus),芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus);放线菌分属3个属:链霉菌属(Streptomyces),小单孢菌属(Micromonospora),和诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)。联采样品12℃培养的出现率主要类群是:假单胞菌属(42%),芽孢杆菌属(35%),微球菌属(31%),节杆菌属(27%),青霉菌属(58%),枝孢霉菌属(54%),硝化杆菌属(81%),固氮菌属(88%),反硝化细菌中主要是假单胞菌属(58%),芽孢杆菌属(38%)。文中还讨论了微生物菌量与土壤总碳、总氮的相关性及其在该地区氮循环中的生态学作用。

Abstract

Soil microbes collected from Great Wall Station area in Antarctica were studied. Results showed thatthe total number of ammonification bacteria was 104~106 cells/per gram of soil. Ammonification bacteria belong to 7 genera, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter. The total number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 105~107 cells/g,which included only Azotobacter. The total number of nitrobacteria was 104 cells/g,and this nitrobacteria included Nitrobacter and Nitrococcus. The total number of fungi was 103 cells/g, such fungi belong to 5 genera,Penicillium,Chrysosporium , Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Eurotium. The total number of denitrifying bacteria was102~ 104 cells/g, This bacteria were Pseudomonas,Bacillus and Micrococcus. Actinomycete were also identified Streptomyces, Micromonospora and Nocardia. The appearing rate of psychrophilic miorobes(growing below 12℃) are 42% for Pseudomonas,  35% for Bacillus, 31%for Mcrococcus, 27% for Arthrobacter, 58% for Penicillium, 54% for Cladosporium, 81% for Nitrobacter and 88% for Azotobacter; denitrifying bacteria are 58% for Pseudomonas and 38% for Bacillus. The relationship between soilmicrobes and  total C and N of soil samples, and the ecological effect of soil microbes participating nitrogen cycle in this area were also discussed.