生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 303-310. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08314
收稿日期:
2010-12-19
接受日期:
2011-02-28
出版日期:
2011-05-20
发布日期:
2013-12-10
通讯作者:
丁平
作者简介:
*E-mail:dingping@zju.edu.cn基金资助:
Received:
2010-12-19
Accepted:
2011-02-28
Online:
2011-05-20
Published:
2013-12-10
Contact:
Ping Ding*
摘要:
鸟类是生物多样性评估与监测, 以及生态环境影响评价的重要指标。有关鸟类种类组成、数量与分布动态的长期监测工作在欧美地区已有100多年的历史。本文在总结欧美陆地鸟类监测历史与现状的基础上, 着重介绍了英国繁殖鸟类调查(the Breeding Bird Survey, BBS)、北美繁殖鸟类调查(the North American Breeding Bird Survey, BBS)和圣诞鸟类调查(the Christmas Bird Count, CBC)等重要的陆地鸟类长期监测计划。同时, 本文在分析中国鸟类调查和现状的基础上, 参照英国BBS计划的调查设计与野外方法, 提出了中国BBS(the Chinese Breeding Bird Survey, Chinese BBS)计划的具体建议: (1)以国家相关部门为实施主体、然后逐渐向以非政府组织(non-government organization, NGO)为主体过渡, 并以学术团体为技术依托, 组织全国鸟类学工作者、观鸟爱好者和志愿者参与野外调查工作; (2)根据各地观鸟志愿者的数量采用分层随机抽样(stratified random sampling)的取样策略选取调查样方, 并结合样线法(line transects)和样点法(point transects)进行鸟类调查; (3)组建中国BBS信息共享平台, 要求鸟类调查者按照统一的数据格式将调查结果在线输入平台之中; (4)相关部门和学术团体积极推动各地观鸟组织的发展, 充分利用志愿者力量实施中国BBS计划。
斯幸峰, 丁平 (2011) 欧美陆地鸟类监测的历史、现状与我国的对策. 生物多样性, 19, 303-310. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08314.
Xingfeng Si, Ping Ding* (2011) History, status of monitoring land birds in Europe and America and cou- ntermeasures of China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 303-310. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08314.
国家 Country | 项目名称 Scheme name | 起始年份 Start | 调查方法 Method | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
芬兰 Finland | 芬兰繁殖鸟类年度监测 Annual monitoring of breeding birds in Finland | 1975 | P & L | |
瑞典 Sweden | 瑞典繁殖鸟类调查 Swedish Breeding Bird Survey | 1975 | P | |
丹麦 Denmark | 繁殖与越冬鸟的样点法普查 Point count census of breeding and wintering birds | 1976 | P | |
捷克 Czech Republic | 繁殖鸟类普查计划 Breeding Bird Census Programme | 1981 | P | |
爱沙尼亚 Estonia | 样点法普查计划 Point census project | 1983 | P | |
荷兰 Netherlands | 常见繁殖鸟类调查计划 Common breeding species project | 1984 | T | |
法国 France | 常见鸟类调查 Temporal Survey of Common Birds | 1989 | P | |
德国 Germany | 德国鸟类学家联合会常见繁殖鸟类监测计划 Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten Monitoring programm H?ufige Brutv?gel | 1989 | P, L & T | |
比利时 Belgium | 瓦隆尼亚常见繁殖鸟类调查 Common Breeding Birds Survey in Wallonia | 1990 | P | |
立陶宛 Lithuania | 立陶宛繁殖鸟类监测计划 Lithuanian Breeding Bird Monitoring Scheme | 1991 | P | |
英国 United Kingdom | 繁殖鸟类调查 Breeding Bird Survey | 1994 | L | |
挪威 Norway | 挪威繁殖鸟类普查 Norwegian Breeding Bird Census | 1995 | P | |
西班牙 Spain | 常见繁殖鸟类监测计划 Common Breeding Bird Monitoring Scheme | 1996 | P | |
奥地利 Austria | 奥地利繁殖鸟类调查 Monitoring der Brutv?gel ?sterreichs | 1998 | P | |
爱尔兰 Ireland | 乡村鸟类调查 Countryside Bird Survey | 1998 | L | |
匈牙利 Hungary | 常见鸟类监测 Monitoring of our common birds | 1999 | P | |
瑞士 Switzerland | 繁殖鸟类数量监测 Monitoring of abundance breeding birds | 1999 | T | |
意大利 Italy | 意大利鸟类监测 Monitoraggio Italiano Ornitologico | 2000 | P | |
波兰 Poland | 常见繁殖鸟类监测计划 Common Breeding Bird Monitoring Scheme | 2000 | L | |
保加利亚 Bulgaria | 常见鸟类监测计划 Common Bird Monitoring Scheme | 2004 | L | |
葡萄牙 Portugal | 常见鸟类普查 Common Bird Census | 2004 | P |
表1 部分正在欧洲实施的陆地鸟类监测计划
Table 1 Some ongoing schemes of monitoring land birds in Europe
国家 Country | 项目名称 Scheme name | 起始年份 Start | 调查方法 Method | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
芬兰 Finland | 芬兰繁殖鸟类年度监测 Annual monitoring of breeding birds in Finland | 1975 | P & L | |
瑞典 Sweden | 瑞典繁殖鸟类调查 Swedish Breeding Bird Survey | 1975 | P | |
丹麦 Denmark | 繁殖与越冬鸟的样点法普查 Point count census of breeding and wintering birds | 1976 | P | |
捷克 Czech Republic | 繁殖鸟类普查计划 Breeding Bird Census Programme | 1981 | P | |
爱沙尼亚 Estonia | 样点法普查计划 Point census project | 1983 | P | |
荷兰 Netherlands | 常见繁殖鸟类调查计划 Common breeding species project | 1984 | T | |
法国 France | 常见鸟类调查 Temporal Survey of Common Birds | 1989 | P | |
德国 Germany | 德国鸟类学家联合会常见繁殖鸟类监测计划 Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten Monitoring programm H?ufige Brutv?gel | 1989 | P, L & T | |
比利时 Belgium | 瓦隆尼亚常见繁殖鸟类调查 Common Breeding Birds Survey in Wallonia | 1990 | P | |
立陶宛 Lithuania | 立陶宛繁殖鸟类监测计划 Lithuanian Breeding Bird Monitoring Scheme | 1991 | P | |
英国 United Kingdom | 繁殖鸟类调查 Breeding Bird Survey | 1994 | L | |
挪威 Norway | 挪威繁殖鸟类普查 Norwegian Breeding Bird Census | 1995 | P | |
西班牙 Spain | 常见繁殖鸟类监测计划 Common Breeding Bird Monitoring Scheme | 1996 | P | |
奥地利 Austria | 奥地利繁殖鸟类调查 Monitoring der Brutv?gel ?sterreichs | 1998 | P | |
爱尔兰 Ireland | 乡村鸟类调查 Countryside Bird Survey | 1998 | L | |
匈牙利 Hungary | 常见鸟类监测 Monitoring of our common birds | 1999 | P | |
瑞士 Switzerland | 繁殖鸟类数量监测 Monitoring of abundance breeding birds | 1999 | T | |
意大利 Italy | 意大利鸟类监测 Monitoraggio Italiano Ornitologico | 2000 | P | |
波兰 Poland | 常见繁殖鸟类监测计划 Common Breeding Bird Monitoring Scheme | 2000 | L | |
保加利亚 Bulgaria | 常见鸟类监测计划 Common Bird Monitoring Scheme | 2004 | L | |
葡萄牙 Portugal | 常见鸟类普查 Common Bird Census | 2004 | P |
图1 繁殖鸟类调查的理想路线示意图:每个1 km2调查样方包含两条平行的南北或东西走向的长度为1 km的调查样线。两条样线相隔500 m, 离边界250 m。每条样线分割成200 m长的5段, 以1-10进行标记。在每段路线中志愿者按照三个距离区带记录鸟类及其生境。
Fig. 1 Diagram of ‘ideal’ BBS route: each square should contain two parallel lines, north-south or east-west, each 1 km long. Transect lines should be roughly 500 m apart and 250 m from the edge of the square. Each transect line should be divided into five equal sections 200 m in length, numbered 1-10. Volunteers should record birds and their habitats in three distance bands. (Breeding Bird Survey, 2011)
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