生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 24266. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024266 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024266
何凯莹1(), 徐心慧2,*(
), 张承云1(
), 郝泽周3, 肖治术4(
), 郭莹莹5
收稿日期:
2024-06-28
接受日期:
2024-10-18
出版日期:
2024-10-20
发布日期:
2024-12-03
通讯作者:
*E-mail: xinhuixu9335@foxmail.com
基金资助:
Kaiying He1(), Xinhui Xu2,*(
), Chengyun Zhang1(
), Zezhou Hao3, Zhishu Xiao4(
), Yingying Guo5
Received:
2024-06-28
Accepted:
2024-10-18
Online:
2024-10-20
Published:
2024-12-03
Contact:
*E-mail: xinhuixu9335@foxmail.com
Supported by:
摘要:
生物声学数据档案是记录和保存生物声学数据信息的重要载体, 建立统一的管理标准和规范, 能够确保数据的质量、共享和长期保存, 促进生物声学数据的整合与应用, 为生物多样性的监测和评估提供基础数据支持, 对于生物多样性研究和生态保护具有重要意义。随着录音数据采集、存储、分析和共享技术的发展及应用, 生物声学数据档案的管理和存储有望在数据自动化标注、高效压缩存储、智能化检索和实时共享等方面实现较大的突破和变革。本文结合近年来生物声学监测、评估历史基准线等需求, 系统地阐述了生物声学数据档案的特征和管理标准, 介绍了相关录音存储技术的最新进展, 探讨了生物声学数据档案管理在实际应用中的价值和挑战, 并对国内外生物声学数据库和数据共享平台的建设情况进行了展望。
何凯莹, 徐心慧, 张承云, 郝泽周, 肖治术, 郭莹莹 (2024) 生物声学数据档案的管理标准及管理技术进展. 生物多样性, 32, 24266. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024266.
Kaiying He, Xinhui Xu, Chengyun Zhang, Zezhou Hao, Zhishu Xiao, Yingying Guo (2024) Bioacoustics data archives management standards and management technology progress. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24266. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024266.
数据特征 Data characteristics | 特征描述 Feature description | 管理现状及挑战 Management status and challenges | 文献来源 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
数据来源 Data source | 野外自动录音设备、现有的生物声学图书馆、实验 室处理后录音 Field automatic recording equipment, existing bioacoustics libraries, post-processing recording in laboratories | 数据来源多样, 格式和质量差异较大 Data sources are diverse and vary widely in format and quality | Brown et al, |
数据类型 Data type | 原始录音数据、处理后的录音文件、录音元数据、 频谱和注释数据 Original recording data, processed recording files, recording metadata, spectrum data, annotation data | 类型多样, 存储需求和管理要求不同 Various types, different storage requirements and management requirements | 杨铭伦等, |
数据量 Data volume | 小型项目: 几十GB到数百GB/月 Small projects: Tens of GB to hundreds of GB/month 大型项目: 数百TB/月 Large projects: Hundreds of TB/month | 数据量庞大, 传统存储和管理方式难以应对 The amount of data is huge, and traditional storage and management methods are not suitable | 杨铭伦等, |
元数据标准 Metadata standard | 录音时间、地理位置、录音设备、录音参数、物种 识别和分类信息 Recording time, geographical location, recording equipment, recording parameters, species identification, and taxonomic information | 元数据标准不统一, 数据整合和共享困难 Metadata standards are not uniform, and data integration and sharing are difficult | Roch et al, |
数据共享 Data sharing | 录音文件格式、元数据标准、数据隐私保护 Recording file format, metadata standards, data privacy protection | 共享机制、隐私保护机制和管理标准需进一步完善, 提高数据可访问性和可利用性 Improve sharing mechanisms, privacy protection mechanisms, and management standards to improve data accessibility and availability | Parsons et al, |
表1 生物声学数据档案的数据特征
Table 1 Data characteristics of bioacoustics data archives
数据特征 Data characteristics | 特征描述 Feature description | 管理现状及挑战 Management status and challenges | 文献来源 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
数据来源 Data source | 野外自动录音设备、现有的生物声学图书馆、实验 室处理后录音 Field automatic recording equipment, existing bioacoustics libraries, post-processing recording in laboratories | 数据来源多样, 格式和质量差异较大 Data sources are diverse and vary widely in format and quality | Brown et al, |
数据类型 Data type | 原始录音数据、处理后的录音文件、录音元数据、 频谱和注释数据 Original recording data, processed recording files, recording metadata, spectrum data, annotation data | 类型多样, 存储需求和管理要求不同 Various types, different storage requirements and management requirements | 杨铭伦等, |
数据量 Data volume | 小型项目: 几十GB到数百GB/月 Small projects: Tens of GB to hundreds of GB/month 大型项目: 数百TB/月 Large projects: Hundreds of TB/month | 数据量庞大, 传统存储和管理方式难以应对 The amount of data is huge, and traditional storage and management methods are not suitable | 杨铭伦等, |
元数据标准 Metadata standard | 录音时间、地理位置、录音设备、录音参数、物种 识别和分类信息 Recording time, geographical location, recording equipment, recording parameters, species identification, and taxonomic information | 元数据标准不统一, 数据整合和共享困难 Metadata standards are not uniform, and data integration and sharing are difficult | Roch et al, |
数据共享 Data sharing | 录音文件格式、元数据标准、数据隐私保护 Recording file format, metadata standards, data privacy protection | 共享机制、隐私保护机制和管理标准需进一步完善, 提高数据可访问性和可利用性 Improve sharing mechanisms, privacy protection mechanisms, and management standards to improve data accessibility and availability | Parsons et al, |
标准术语 Standard term | 定义 Definition | 示例 Example | 含义 Implication |
---|---|---|---|
dwc: eventDate | 录音时间, 可以精确到秒 Recording time, down to the second | 2009-02-20T08:40Z | 2009年2月20日上午8:40 UTC (世界标准时间) February 20, 2009 8:40 am UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) |
1963-03-08T14:07-0600 | 1963年3月8日下午2:07, 时区比UTC早6小时 March 8, 1963, 2:07 PM, time zone 6 hours ahead of UTC | ||
2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/ 2008-05-11T15:30:00Z | 在2007年3月1日下午1:00 UTC和2008年5月11日下午3:30 UTC之间的某个时间间隔内 Sometime between 1:00 pm UTC on March 1, 2007 and 3:30 pm UTC on May 11, 2008 | ||
dwc: decimalLatitude | 十进制纬度, 精确到小数点后几位Decimal latitude, accurate to a few decimal places | -41.0983423 | 南纬41.0983423° 41.0983423 degrees South 正值位于赤道以北, 负值位于赤道以南 Positive values are located north of the equator, negative values are located south of the equator |
dwc: decimalLongitude | 十进制经度, 精确到小数点后几位 Decimal longitude, accurate to a few decimal places | -121.1761111 | 西经121.1761111° 121.1761111 degrees West 正值位于格林威治子午线以东, 负值位于格林威治子午线以西 Positive values are located east of the Greenwich Meridian, Negative values are located west of the Greenwich Meridian |
dwc: verbatimLocality | 录音的具体地点描述 Description of the exact location of the recording | 25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237 | 录音地点的原始文字描述 Original text description of the recording location |
dwc: scientificName | 录音中物种的学名, 使用拉丁名称 Scientific names of species in recordings, using Latin names | Ctenomys sociabilis | 属名 + 特定修饰语 Genus name + specific epithet 栉鼠属(Ctenomys) |
Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952) | 属名 + 特定修饰语+科学名称作者身份 Genus name + specific epithet + scientific name authorship | ||
dwc: recordedBy | 录音的记录者 The recorder of recording | José E. Crespo | 可以是一个人或一个组织 It can be a person or an organization |
dwc: samplingProtocol | 录音的采样方法或设备描述 Description of the sampling method or device for recording | SM4 acoustic recorder | 录音设备或采样方法的名称 The name of the recording device or sampling method |
dwc: associatedMedia | 录音文件的URL URL of the recording file | https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520962 | 确保录音文件可以通过网络访问, 将录音文件和元数据关联起来 Make sure audio files are accessible over the network, associate audio files with metadata |
表2 常见Darwin Core标准术语和示例
Table 2 Common Darwin Core standard terms and examples
标准术语 Standard term | 定义 Definition | 示例 Example | 含义 Implication |
---|---|---|---|
dwc: eventDate | 录音时间, 可以精确到秒 Recording time, down to the second | 2009-02-20T08:40Z | 2009年2月20日上午8:40 UTC (世界标准时间) February 20, 2009 8:40 am UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) |
1963-03-08T14:07-0600 | 1963年3月8日下午2:07, 时区比UTC早6小时 March 8, 1963, 2:07 PM, time zone 6 hours ahead of UTC | ||
2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/ 2008-05-11T15:30:00Z | 在2007年3月1日下午1:00 UTC和2008年5月11日下午3:30 UTC之间的某个时间间隔内 Sometime between 1:00 pm UTC on March 1, 2007 and 3:30 pm UTC on May 11, 2008 | ||
dwc: decimalLatitude | 十进制纬度, 精确到小数点后几位Decimal latitude, accurate to a few decimal places | -41.0983423 | 南纬41.0983423° 41.0983423 degrees South 正值位于赤道以北, 负值位于赤道以南 Positive values are located north of the equator, negative values are located south of the equator |
dwc: decimalLongitude | 十进制经度, 精确到小数点后几位 Decimal longitude, accurate to a few decimal places | -121.1761111 | 西经121.1761111° 121.1761111 degrees West 正值位于格林威治子午线以东, 负值位于格林威治子午线以西 Positive values are located east of the Greenwich Meridian, Negative values are located west of the Greenwich Meridian |
dwc: verbatimLocality | 录音的具体地点描述 Description of the exact location of the recording | 25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237 | 录音地点的原始文字描述 Original text description of the recording location |
dwc: scientificName | 录音中物种的学名, 使用拉丁名称 Scientific names of species in recordings, using Latin names | Ctenomys sociabilis | 属名 + 特定修饰语 Genus name + specific epithet 栉鼠属(Ctenomys) |
Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952) | 属名 + 特定修饰语+科学名称作者身份 Genus name + specific epithet + scientific name authorship | ||
dwc: recordedBy | 录音的记录者 The recorder of recording | José E. Crespo | 可以是一个人或一个组织 It can be a person or an organization |
dwc: samplingProtocol | 录音的采样方法或设备描述 Description of the sampling method or device for recording | SM4 acoustic recorder | 录音设备或采样方法的名称 The name of the recording device or sampling method |
dwc: associatedMedia | 录音文件的URL URL of the recording file | https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520962 | 确保录音文件可以通过网络访问, 将录音文件和元数据关联起来 Make sure audio files are accessible over the network, associate audio files with metadata |
标准术语 Standard term | 定义 Definition | 示例 Example |
---|---|---|
ac: accessURI | 指向音频文件的URL The URL to the audio file | https://xeno-canto.org/sounds/uploaded/PRVFBYIQYZ/XC932891-sonus-naturalis-7-01-06-2024.mp3 |
ac: derivedFrom | 对原始资源的引用, 当前资源是从中派生的 A reference to the original resource from which the current resource is derived | 例如一个经过降噪处理的录音可以标注原始录音的URL或ID For example, the URL or ID of the original recording can be marked after noise reduction |
dc: format | 音视频文件格式 Audio and video file format | audio/wav, audio/mp3 |
ac: mediaDuration | 音频或视频文件的时长, 使用ISO 8601时间表示法 The duration of an audio or video file, using the ISO 8601 time notation | PT3M45S (3分45秒) Three minutes and 45 seconds |
ac: endTimestamp | 结束时间戳, 使用ISO 8601时间表示法, UTC时区 End time stamp, using ISO 8601 time notation, UTC time zone | 可以应用于感兴趣的区域或整个文件 It can be applied to the area of interest or the entire document |
mo: sample_rate | 音频的采样率 Sample rate of audio | 以Hz为单位的数值 Values expressed in Hz |
表3 常见Audiovisual Core标准术语和示例
Table 3 Common Audiovisual Core standard terms and examples
标准术语 Standard term | 定义 Definition | 示例 Example |
---|---|---|
ac: accessURI | 指向音频文件的URL The URL to the audio file | https://xeno-canto.org/sounds/uploaded/PRVFBYIQYZ/XC932891-sonus-naturalis-7-01-06-2024.mp3 |
ac: derivedFrom | 对原始资源的引用, 当前资源是从中派生的 A reference to the original resource from which the current resource is derived | 例如一个经过降噪处理的录音可以标注原始录音的URL或ID For example, the URL or ID of the original recording can be marked after noise reduction |
dc: format | 音视频文件格式 Audio and video file format | audio/wav, audio/mp3 |
ac: mediaDuration | 音频或视频文件的时长, 使用ISO 8601时间表示法 The duration of an audio or video file, using the ISO 8601 time notation | PT3M45S (3分45秒) Three minutes and 45 seconds |
ac: endTimestamp | 结束时间戳, 使用ISO 8601时间表示法, UTC时区 End time stamp, using ISO 8601 time notation, UTC time zone | 可以应用于感兴趣的区域或整个文件 It can be applied to the area of interest or the entire document |
mo: sample_rate | 音频的采样率 Sample rate of audio | 以Hz为单位的数值 Values expressed in Hz |
数据库 Database | 链接 Link | 具体内容 Specific content |
---|---|---|
xeno-canto | 分享世界各地野生动物声音的在线存储库 An online repository for sharing wildlife sounds from all over the world | |
BioAcoustica | 在线存储库和分析平台, 用于科学记录野生动物的声音 Online repository and analysis platform for the scientific recording of wildlife sounds | |
ChiroVox | 蝙蝠叫声的公共图书馆 The public library of bat calls | |
Arbimon | 免费存储以换取共享数据的在线存储库 Online repository for free storage in exchange for shared data | |
Audio Gallery (Discovery of Sound in the Sea) | 来自世界各地44种海洋哺乳动物、29种鱼类和4种无脊椎动物的声音样本 Sound samples of 44 marine mammals, 29 fish and 4 invertebrate species from all over the world | |
Fish Sounds (Uniersity of Rhode lsland) | 来自北大西洋西部153种鱼类的155个声音样本 155 sound samples of 153 fish species from the Western North Atlantic | |
The SOUND Table (FishBase) | 90种鱼类的121个声音样本, 大部分来自北大西洋西部 121 sound samples of 90 fish species, mostly from the Western North Atlantic | |
Macaulay Library (Cornel University) | 大量鸟类和非鸟类的声音样本 Large sample of bird and non-bird sounds | |
Marine Mammals of Australia and Antarctica (Curtin University) | 澳洲43种海洋哺乳动物的声音样本 Sound samples of 43 marine mammal species from Australasia | |
Ocean Networks Canada (Sound Cloud) | 多个来自加拿大的海洋哺乳动物和鱼类的声音样本 Multiple sound samples of marine mammals and fish from Canada | |
Watkins Marine Mammal Sound Database (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) | 55种海洋哺乳动物的大约15,000个声音样本, 以及大约1,600个完整的录音About 15,000 sound samples of 55 marine mammal species, as well as about 1,600 full soundscape recordings | |
British Library Sound Archive (The British Library) | 来自世界各地的1万种鸟类、哺乳动物、两栖动物、爬行动物、鱼类和无脊椎动物的24万个声音样本 240,000 sound samples of 10,000 bird, mammal, amphibian, reptile, fish, and invertebrate species from all over the world | |
Voices in the Sea (University of California San Diego) | 33种鲸目动物和10种鳍足类动物的声音样本 Sound samples from 33 cetaceans and 10 pinnipeds | |
FishSounds (MERIDIAN) | 130种鱼类的240个声音样本 240 sound samples of 130 fish species | |
Animal Sound Archive (Museum für Naturkundein Berlin) | 12万份野生动物的声音样本, 包括无脊椎动物、海洋哺乳动物和鱼类 120,000 sound samples of any wildlife, including invertebrates, marine mammals, and fishes | |
FonoZoo (Museo Nacional de CienciasNaturales Madrid) | 包括无脊椎动物、海洋哺乳动物、两栖动物和鱼类在内的1,620个物种的11,656个声音样本 11,656 sound samples of 1,620 species, including invertebrates marine mammals, amphibians, and fishes | |
Sonothèque (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle) | 多个野生动物物种的19,589个声音样本, 包括鸟类、青蛙、鱼类和昆虫等 19,589 sound samples of wildlife species, including birds, frogs, fishes, and insects | |
ForgID | 一个澳大利亚蛙声数据库 An Australian frog sound database |
表4 常见的生物声学数据库
Table 4 Common bioacoustics databases
数据库 Database | 链接 Link | 具体内容 Specific content |
---|---|---|
xeno-canto | 分享世界各地野生动物声音的在线存储库 An online repository for sharing wildlife sounds from all over the world | |
BioAcoustica | 在线存储库和分析平台, 用于科学记录野生动物的声音 Online repository and analysis platform for the scientific recording of wildlife sounds | |
ChiroVox | 蝙蝠叫声的公共图书馆 The public library of bat calls | |
Arbimon | 免费存储以换取共享数据的在线存储库 Online repository for free storage in exchange for shared data | |
Audio Gallery (Discovery of Sound in the Sea) | 来自世界各地44种海洋哺乳动物、29种鱼类和4种无脊椎动物的声音样本 Sound samples of 44 marine mammals, 29 fish and 4 invertebrate species from all over the world | |
Fish Sounds (Uniersity of Rhode lsland) | 来自北大西洋西部153种鱼类的155个声音样本 155 sound samples of 153 fish species from the Western North Atlantic | |
The SOUND Table (FishBase) | 90种鱼类的121个声音样本, 大部分来自北大西洋西部 121 sound samples of 90 fish species, mostly from the Western North Atlantic | |
Macaulay Library (Cornel University) | 大量鸟类和非鸟类的声音样本 Large sample of bird and non-bird sounds | |
Marine Mammals of Australia and Antarctica (Curtin University) | 澳洲43种海洋哺乳动物的声音样本 Sound samples of 43 marine mammal species from Australasia | |
Ocean Networks Canada (Sound Cloud) | 多个来自加拿大的海洋哺乳动物和鱼类的声音样本 Multiple sound samples of marine mammals and fish from Canada | |
Watkins Marine Mammal Sound Database (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) | 55种海洋哺乳动物的大约15,000个声音样本, 以及大约1,600个完整的录音About 15,000 sound samples of 55 marine mammal species, as well as about 1,600 full soundscape recordings | |
British Library Sound Archive (The British Library) | 来自世界各地的1万种鸟类、哺乳动物、两栖动物、爬行动物、鱼类和无脊椎动物的24万个声音样本 240,000 sound samples of 10,000 bird, mammal, amphibian, reptile, fish, and invertebrate species from all over the world | |
Voices in the Sea (University of California San Diego) | 33种鲸目动物和10种鳍足类动物的声音样本 Sound samples from 33 cetaceans and 10 pinnipeds | |
FishSounds (MERIDIAN) | 130种鱼类的240个声音样本 240 sound samples of 130 fish species | |
Animal Sound Archive (Museum für Naturkundein Berlin) | 12万份野生动物的声音样本, 包括无脊椎动物、海洋哺乳动物和鱼类 120,000 sound samples of any wildlife, including invertebrates, marine mammals, and fishes | |
FonoZoo (Museo Nacional de CienciasNaturales Madrid) | 包括无脊椎动物、海洋哺乳动物、两栖动物和鱼类在内的1,620个物种的11,656个声音样本 11,656 sound samples of 1,620 species, including invertebrates marine mammals, amphibians, and fishes | |
Sonothèque (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle) | 多个野生动物物种的19,589个声音样本, 包括鸟类、青蛙、鱼类和昆虫等 19,589 sound samples of wildlife species, including birds, frogs, fishes, and insects | |
ForgID | 一个澳大利亚蛙声数据库 An Australian frog sound database |
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