生物多样性 ›› 2003, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 364-369.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2003044

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

物种分布区研究进展

张文驹,陈家宽   

  1. (复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性科学研究所,教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室,上海 200433)
  • 收稿日期:2003-04-07 修回日期:2003-07-19 出版日期:2003-09-20 发布日期:2003-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 张文驹

Advances in study of the distribution area of species

ZHANG Wen-Ju, CHEN Jia-Kuan   

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biociversity Science and Ecological Engineering,Institute of Biodiversity Science,School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433
  • Received:2003-04-07 Revised:2003-07-19 Online:2003-09-20 Published:2003-09-20
  • Contact: ZHANG Wen-Ju

摘要: 近10年来,分布区已成为宏观生态学的一个重要概念,分布区不仅与物种绝灭、生态入侵、生态位幅度密切相关,而且还与地方种群密度以及物种多样性的纬度梯度有关。本文总结了近年来物种分布区研究的一些重要进展。研究表明:1)物种的地理分布与地方种群密度呈正相关是具有普遍意义的生物地理现象,但这一关系受到物种的历史、物种的迁移特性和取样大小等因素的影响;2)尽管物种分布区大小的纬度梯度——Rapoport规律有时并不成立,但依然具有重要的生物地理学意义,并被推广到山体海拔梯度和海洋深度梯度;3)分布区大小、地方种群密度、物种绝灭、生态位幅度、物种多样性的纬度梯度以及Rapoport规律是彼此相关和相互影响的,简单的正相关或者负相关不能描述彼此间真实的关系;4)如何从理论上解释地理分布与地方种群的关系、Rapoport规律以及物种多样性的纬度梯度是目前生物地理学争论的焦点。

AbstractIn the past 10 years, distribution area has become an important concept in macro-ecology. Species geographic range is not only closely related to extinction, niche breadth, and ecological invasion, but is also connected with local abundance and the latitudinal gradient in species richness. In this paper, recent advances in species geographic range (distribution area) were reviewed.  The review showed that:(i) The positive abundance-geographic range relationship is a very general biogeographic pattern, but it is restricted by the history of species, the scale of sample, the mobility of species, etc.  (ii) Though the latitudinal gradient in species geographic range size (Rapoport′s rule) sometimes is violated, especially in low latitude regions, it still has significance in biogeography and can be extended to altitudinal gradients of mountains and depth gradients of oceans. (iii) Species geographic range, local abundance, extinction rate, niche breadth, and the latitudinal gradient in species richness and in geographic range size often interact with each other, and a simple positive or negative relation cannot describe their actual relationship. (iiii) The theoretical explanation for the abundance-geographic range relationship, Rapoport′s rule, and the latitudinal gradient in species richness is one of the most controversial questions in recent biogeography.