AbstractRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was employed to detect the DNA polymorphism in each 23 individuals of the index samples from the wild and hatchery populations of Red Seabream. A total of 20 decamer arbitrary primers were used and 16 of them generated clear RAPD bands. Of them , 131 were obtained from the wild population and 123 from the hatchery population. The mean percentage of polymorphic fragments of wild population was 62. 60 %opposite to 54. 47 % in the hatchery population , while the average heterozygosity valued 0. 4786 and 0. 3633 , respectively. The richer polymorphic bands and the higher value of average heterozygosity indicated higher genetic diversity level of this species and the great potential in piscatorial genetic improvement . The experiment revealed the fact that the percentage of polymorphic fragments and the value of average heterozygosity of the hatchery population were lower than those of the wild population. As a result , it implied that effective husbandry and management measures must be taken to avoid reduction of genetic diversity so as to enable the sustainable development of the mariculture.