生物多样性 ›› 2001, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (4): 446-457.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2001065

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

从上海外来杂草区系剖析植物入侵的一般特征

李博,徐炳声,陈家宽   

  1. (生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室、复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所,  上海 200433)
  • 出版日期:2001-11-20 发布日期:2001-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈家宽

Perspectives on general trends of plant invasions with special reference to alien weed flora of Shanghai

LI Bo, HSU Ping-Sheng, CHEN Jia-Kuan   

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering , Institute of Biodiversity Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433
  • Online:2001-11-20 Published:2001-11-20
  • Contact: CHEN JiaKuan

摘要: 全球化不仅改变了世界的政治和经济格局,而且也改变了生物分布的格局,导致生物种群的重新分布,由此而产生的生物入侵已成了各国政府、国际社会和学术界所共同关心的问题。本文从上海市杂草植物区系的构成入手,揭示了该区植物入侵的特点、产生的原因以及将来的发展趋势,同时还从一般意义上探讨了入侵杂草和入侵生境的特征、植物入侵的环境和经济后果以及入侵生态学领域中重要的研究方向。

AbstractPlant invasions are unintended consequences of globalisation , which facilitates the transglobal movement of plant species across all geographical and physical boundaries with the vastly increasing movement of people and commercial goods. As an internationalised city that has various channels through which plant s′movements occur , Shanghai has been subject to a heavy invasion of plants. This paper firstly deals with some characteristics of plant invasions in Shanghai. It is concluded that : 1) alien plants play an important role in the flora of Shanghai , accounting for 57. 4 %of the total flora ; 2) annual and biennial plant s are the major component s of Shanghai′s alien flora , representing 69.1 %; 3) most alien plants belong to a relatively few families (e. g. Asteraceae and Poaceae) ; 4) monocotylous families tend to have a higher proportion of alien plants with respect to their world′s number of species than do dicotylous families ; and 5) plant invasions will continue to sweep across literally every part of Shanghai as the consequence of it s further urbanisation and increasing global trade (c. f . China′s ent ry into WTO by November 2001) . These patterns of plant invasions reflect the role of humans as global plant dispersers and of human disturbance in plant invasions. In the rest of the paper , we briefly review other issues in the field of plant invasions , including att ributes of invasive species , habitat invisibility , environmental and economic costs of plant invasions , and future research directions.