生物多样性 ›› 2001, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (2): 188-195.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2001029

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来杂草在我国的危害性及其管理对策

强胜,曹学章   

  1. (南京农业大学杂草研究室,  南京 210095)
    (国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所,  南京 210042)
  • 收稿日期:2000-11-26 修回日期:2001-01-09 出版日期:2001-05-20 发布日期:2001-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 强胜

Harmfulness of exotic weeds in China and for their management

QIANG Sheng,CAO Xue-Zhang   

  1. 1 Weed Research Laboratory , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095
    2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , State Evironmental Protection Administration of China , Nanjing 210042
  • Received:2000-11-26 Revised:2001-01-09 Online:2001-05-20 Published:2001-05-20
  • Contact: QIANG Sheng

摘要: 外来杂草已对我国的农作物生产、果园、草坪、环境和生物多样性等造成了严重危害。外来 杂草之所以能在传入地产生危害,与它们所具有的某些特性和当地缺乏环境阻力密切相关。 对外来 杂草的管理应从防止外来杂草传入和对现有的外来杂草实施防除两方面采取措施。防止传入 的措施包括:(1)加强植物检疫;(2)建立外来植物引种驯化的风险性评价制度;(3) 鼓励利用本土植物。对现有外来杂草的防除,则应采取综合性的防除措施:(1)防治生态 破坏;(2)开展外来杂草的生物控制;(3)利用经济植物进行生境替代控制;(4)开展 对外来杂草的利用。

AbstractExotic weeds have caused serious harm to crop production , orchards , lawns , natural environment and biodiversity in China. This is closely related to certain characteristics of the exotic weeds and to lack of environmental resistance. To manage exotic weeds , measures should be taken in two aspects : one is prevention of int roduction of exotic weeds , and the other is control of existing ones. In the former aspect , measures that should be taken include : 1) reinforcing plant quarantine ; 2) establishing a risk assessment system for int roduction of exotic plants , and 3) encouraging the utilization of native plant s. In the latter aspect , the following comprehensive measures should be taken : 1) cont rolling ecological dest ruction ; 2) conducting biological cont rol of exotic weeds ; 3) using economic plants as habitat displacement cont rol agent s , and 4) conducting utilization of exotic weeds.