中国43种蛙类鸣声特征数据集
A dataset on the call characteristics of 43 anuran species in China
通讯作者: *E-mail:cuijg@cib.ac.cn
编委: 王彦平
责任编辑: 闫文杰
收稿日期: 2022-06-21 接受日期: 2022-08-3
基金资助: |
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Corresponding authors: *E-mail:cuijg@cib.ac.cn
Received: 2022-06-21 Accepted: 2022-08-3
无尾两栖动物的鸣声通常具有物种特异性, 了解其鸣声特征信息, 是利用生物声学进行物种多样性调查及物种监测的前提。本文汇总、整理了2012-2020年间利用高保真录音设备在野外记录的43种(隶属于7科26属)无尾两栖动物的鸣声数据, 以及相应的鸣声采集信息。对音频文件进行降噪处理后, 提供了由61个鸣声的波形图及语图组成的鸣声特征数据集。本数据集展示了鸣声的多种时域和频域信息, 如单音节或多音节、音节数、音节时长、音节间隔、鸣声时长、主频、基频、谐波等, 为我国无尾两栖类的声学研究、物种多样性调查及鸣声监测提供了数据支持。 数据库(集)基本信息简介
数据库(集)名称 中国43种蛙类鸣声特征数据集 作者 邓可, 汪小萍, 朱弼成, 赵龙辉, 杨悦, 蔡炎林, 孙晓倩, 王同亮, 崔建国 通讯作者 崔建国(cuijg@cib.ac.cn) 时间范围 2012-2020年 地理区域 中国 文件大小 30.65 MB 数据格式 *.zip 数据链接 数据库(集)组成 数据集由43个文件夹组成, 共包含了43个物种的61个鸣声特征文件, 即波形图和语图。
关键词:
Calls of anuran species (frogs and toads) are generally species-specific. This means that bioacoustics can be used to investigate species diversity and monitor species, but only if the call characteristics are known. In this study, we summarize the call data and sample information of 43 anuran species (from 26 genera in 7 families) recorded in the field with high-fidelity recorders from 2012 to 2020. In addition, we provide a call characteristic dataset with oscillograms and spectrograms of 61 calls (after noise reduction processing). The dataset contains temporal and spectral characteristics of the calls, such as the note number, note duration, inter-note interval, call duration, dominant frequency, fundamental frequency, harmonics, and whether they are monosyllabic or multisyllabic. This dataset is essential for using acoustic techniques to survey species diversity and monitor anuran species in China using their calls. Database/Dataset Profile
Title A dataset on the call characteristics of 43 anuran species in China Authors Ke Deng, Xiaoping Wang, Bicheng Zhu, Longhui Zhao, Yue Yang, Yanlin Cai, Xiaoqian Sun, Tongliang Wang, Jianguo Cui Corresponding author Jianguo Cui (cuijg@cib.ac.cn) Time range 2012-2020 Geographical scope The People’s Republic of China File size 30.65 MB Data format *.zip Data link Database/Dataset composition The dataset consists of 43 folders. It comprises 61 call characteristics image data, which belong to 43 species.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
邓可, 汪小萍, 朱弼成, 赵龙辉, 杨悦, 蔡炎林, 孙晓倩, 王同亮, 崔建国 (2023)
Ke Deng, Xiaoping Wang, Bicheng Zhu Longhui Zhao, Yue Yang, Yanlin Cai, Xiaoqian Sun, Tongliang Wang, Jianguo Cui (2023)
声音通讯是无尾两栖动物(包括蛙类、蟾蜍类)最主要的通讯方式, 声音信号在该类群的繁殖活动中起关键作用(Gerhardt & Huber, 2002)。首先, 无尾两栖动物的鸣声具有物种特异性, 是远距离识别物种的重要指标。其次, 雄蛙发出的求偶信号包含了其所处位置、体型大小、繁殖状态及占有资源等多种信息(Wells, 2007), 是雌蛙选择配偶的主要依据。此外, 不少物种能发出多种类型的与争夺配偶资源有关的鸣叫, 如广告鸣叫(advertisement calls)、求偶鸣叫(courtship calls)、争斗鸣叫(aggressive calls)等(Toledo et al, 2015)。因此, 无尾两栖类是研究动物声音通讯与性选择、鸣声信号适应性进化的理想模型。在过去的30年里, 国内外学者针对无尾两栖类的鸣声特征、雄性鸣叫竞争以及雌性配偶选择等开展了大量的研究工作(Cui et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2015; Ryan et al, 2019), 而鸣声数据是进行相关研究的重要基础资料。
基于课题组10余年来在野外实验或科学考察期间的实地录音, 本文整理了7科26属43个物种的鸣声信息, 提供了每个物种的1-4种鸣叫的波形图和语图, 并附上物种名录及音频相关信息。本文旨在通过该数据集展示无尾两栖类的鸣声多样性, 为基于鸣声的物种鉴定、蛙类鸣声的适应性进化、动物鸣声的大尺度整合分析等研究工作提供基础资料。
1 数据采集和处理方法
2012-2020年, 在野外实验或物种多样性调查过程中, 利用连接有指向性麦克风(Sennheiser ME66)的录音机(Marantz PMD661)或索尼录音笔(Sony PCM-D100), 在距离目标个体约1 m的距离进行录音, 并记录物种名、鸣声采集地点、采集时间等信息。鸣声采集工作尽量在无雨、无风的时候进行, 以避免非生物噪音的干扰。录音时尽量远离人群、避开雄蛙合唱群(chorus), 以减少人为噪音及生物噪音的干扰。然而, 在野外录音难免会遇到一些不可控因素。比如目标个体距离太远导致录到的鸣声音量偏小, 又如风声、流水声形成的背景噪音对录音质量的影响。因此, 我们首先利用Adobe Audition (3.0)软件对鸣声文件进行标准化和降噪处理, 以得到相对清晰干净的鸣声。然后, 利用Praat (6.1.12)软件绘制波形图(oscillogram)和语图(spectrogram) (窗口长度0.02-0.04 s)。
2 数据描述
我们在四川、重庆、贵州、云南、青海、浙江、海南等地区, 共记录了43种蛙类(隶属于7科26属)的鸣声(附录1)。数据集共包含43个文件夹, 文件夹的名称为物种的中文名, 每个文件夹内有1-4个图片文件, 为该物种鸣声的波形图(上)和语图(下)。鸣叫类型以广告鸣叫为主, 部分物种还包括了争斗鸣叫、抱对鸣叫(amplexus calls)、释放鸣叫(release calls)等。波形图展示了物种鸣声是单音节(monosyllabic)还是多音节(multisyllabic), 以及音节数(note number)、音节时长(note duration)、音节间隔(inter-note interval)、鸣声时长(call duration)等信息。语图展示了鸣声的主频(dominant frequency)、基频(fundamental frequency)以及是否具有谐波(harmonic)等信息。比如, 仙琴蛙(Nidirana daunchina)的广告鸣叫由多个音节组成, 音节具有谐波, 相邻音节的基频单调递增, 音节间隔约为0.2 s (图1a)。小湍蛙(Amolops torrentis)的广告鸣叫由一连串相同音节组成, 其主频在4 kHz上下(图1b)。
图1
图1
仙琴蛙(a)和小湍蛙(b)广告鸣叫的波形图(上)和语图(下)
Fig. 1
Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of Nidirana daunchina (a) and Amolops torrentis (b)
3 数据质量控制和评估
在鸣声收集阶段, 尽量保证录音距离为1 m左右, 录音时尽量避开非生物噪音(风声、雨声)、生物噪音(其他动物发出的声音)及人为噪音的干扰。大多数物种的鸣声具有较高的辨识度, 能直接用于物种鉴定。尽管如此, 我们会在录音结束后尽可能找到目标个体, 参考《中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴》(费梁等, 2012), 根据物种分布信息、形态特征等进一步对目标个体进行物种鉴定, 从而准确匹配鸣声数据与物种信息。在鸣声整理阶段, 仅选取干净的录音和受轻微噪音干扰的录音, 对于存在轻微噪音干扰的音频文件, 用Adobe Audition (3.0)软件进行降噪处理。在波形图和语图的制作阶段, 采取一人录入、一人核查的方式, 以确保数据准确无误。每张图包含至少1个完整的鸣叫, 以保证鸣声时长、音节时长、主频等鸣声参数具有物种间的可比性。
4 数据使用方法和建议
本数据集中的物种名录及鸣声记录地点可作为物种分布证据, 鸣声记录日期可作为动物繁殖季节的依据, 记录时间可作为该物种活动节律的参考。
我国的无尾目动物目前有9科53属(
作者分工:
邓可主要承担数据收集、整理和论文撰写工作; 汪小萍主要承担数据整理和作图工作; 朱弼成、赵龙辉、杨悦、蔡炎林、孙晓倩、王同亮主要承担鸣声数据的野外收集工作; 崔建国主要承担数据收集的整体安排协调与论文修改工作。
附录 Supplementary Material
附录1 43种蛙类的鸣声采样信息
Appendix 1 The call sampling information of 43 anuran species
参考文献
Real estate ads in Emei music frog vocalizations: Female preference for calls emanating from burrows
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During female mate choice, both the male's phenotype and resources (e.g. his nest) contribute to the chooser's fitness. Animals other than humans are not known to advertise resource characteristics to potential mates through vocal communication; although in some species of anurans and birds, females do evaluate male qualities through vocal communication. Here, we demonstrate that calls of the male Emei music frog (Babina dauchina), vocalizing from male-built nests, reflect nest structure information that can be recognized by females. Inside-nest calls consisted of notes with energy concentrated at lower frequency ranges and longer note durations when compared with outside-nest calls. Centre frequencies and note durations of the inside calls positively correlate with the area of the burrow entrance and the depth of the burrow, respectively. When given a choice between outside and inside calls played back alternately, more than 70 per cent of the females (33/47) chose inside calls. These results demonstrate that males of this species faithfully advertise whether or not they possess a nest to potential mates by vocal communication, which probably facilitates optimal mate selection by females. These results revealed a novel function of advertisement calls, which is consistent with the wide variation in both call complexity and social behaviour within amphibians.
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The ultrasonic communication in Concave-eared torrent frogs is believed to be an adaptation to avoid masking by the intense low-frequency noise of the rushing stream in their habitat. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis for ultrasonic origin predicts that some organisms subjecting to persistent acoustic interference from broadband, low-frequency environmental noise, might shift their signal frequency upward into frequency bands with lower noise energy. In other words, low-frequency environmental noise might cause upward shifts of species' vocalization frequencies making their signals more conspicuous. Presently, it is unclear whether male adjust their signal features in response to a change in the ambient noise level. We tested the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis by recording the vocalizations of male inhabiting two streams with different background noise levels in Huangshan in central China and comparing their call features including the fundamental frequency (F0). Results showed that the spectrotemporal characteristics of the vocal signals of males in the two habitats were indifferent, except the duration of the call harmonic segments and three parameters related to the call fundamental frequency (F0). In terms of the F0, the pooled and individual frog data showed that frogs inhabiting the noisier habitat tended to emit calls having higher F0. The higher F0 increases the signal-to-noise ratio, thus benefiting the detection of vocalization. Thus, similar to several anuran species, concave-eared torrent frogs also display noise-dependent adjustment of vocal pitch in their vocalizations for making them more audible.© 2015 Current Zoology.
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