2021年世界鞘翅目现生类群分类年鉴
Taxonomic yearbook of extant Coleoptera in 2021
通讯作者: *共同通讯作者 E-mail:aiminshi2003@126.com;baim@ioz.ac.cn
编委: 周欣
责任编辑: 周玉荣
收稿日期: 2022-03-28 接受日期: 2022-08-22
基金资助: |
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Corresponding authors: *Co-authors for correspondence. E-mail:aiminshi2003@126.com;baim@ioz.ac.cn
Received: 2022-03-28 Accepted: 2022-08-22
本文整理并总结了世界鞘翅目2021年发表的新分类阶元、新组合、新异名、分类阶元升级和降级等情况, 并单独梳理了中国2021年鞘翅目新增分类群。通过在线数据库检索及相关同行补充, 最终共获得了相关文献1,114篇。2021年, 世界鞘翅目新分类阶元共计3,375个, 包括2个新亚科, 1个超族, 9个新族, 3个新亚族, 178个新属, 36个新亚属, 3,070个新种和76个新亚种, 另有1,071个新组合, 485个新异名, 70个分类阶元升级, 26个分类阶元降级。新发表的物种中, 隐翅虫科534种, 金龟科461种, 二者约占总数的31.6%。世界鞘翅目新物种发现数量最多的国家是中国, 共发现新属13个, 新亚属4个, 新种635个, 新亚种6个, 发表中国新记录亚科2个, 新记录属13个, 新记录亚属1个, 新记录种112个和新记录亚种6个。2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新种有204个隶属于金龟科, 新物种发现数量最高的省级行政区是云南省(172个新种及亚种)。
关键词:
Aims: Coleoptera is the largest group of insects. The aim of this study is to summarize the new taxa and taxonomic changes of Coleoptera from the world in 2021, and sort out the new species and new records in China separately.
Methods: By searching the online databases and some papers from peer experts, 1,114 journal publications related to the new taxa and taxonomic changes of Coleoptera from the world were obtained and analyzed.
Results: Totally, 3,375 new taxa of Coleoptera from the world were reported in 2021, including 2 new subfamilies, 1 new supertribe, 9 new tribes, 3 new subtribes, 178 new genera, 36 new subgenera, 3,070 new species and 76 new subspecies. In addition, 1,071 new combinations, 485 new synonyms, 70 upgradations and 26 degradations were provided. There are 534 new staphylinids and 461 new scarabaeids, accounting for about 31.6% of the total species. China with the largest number of Coleoptera new species founded in the world, and it has published 13 new genera, 4 new subgenera, 635 new species, 6 new subspecies and 2 newly recorded subfamily, 13 newly recorded genera, 1 new recorded subgenera, 112 newly recorded species, 6 newly recorded subspecies in 2021. There are 204 new species of Coleoptera in China published in 2021 belong to Scarabaeidae, and Yunnan is the region with the highest number of new species discovered, with 172 new species reported.
Conclusion: Summarizing and sorting out taxonomic information timely has an important impact on guiding taxonomic research.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
王双一, 周璇, 罗一平, 丁强, 李露露, 路园园, 李升, 刘宁, 张晨阳, 郭紫悦, 石爱民, 白明 (2022)
Shuangyi Wang, Xuan Zhou, Yiping Luo, Qiang Ding, Lulu Li, Yuanyuan Lu, Sheng Li, Ning Liu, Chenyang Zhang, Ziyue Guo, Aimin Shi, Ming Bai (2022)
昆虫是世界生物多样性的重要组成部分, 是物种最为丰富的类群, 据估算全球约有550万种, 已定名的约有100万种(Stork, 2018)。Sánchez-Bayo和Wyckhuys (2019)在重新整理了全球各地有关昆虫数量的历史报告后, 认为昆虫的多样性正在快速下降, 在未来几十年内会有接近40%的昆虫走向灭绝, 而鞘翅目等类群受影响最大。鞘翅目物种丰富且分布范围广, 是昆虫纲的第一大目。据统计, 目前已记录的鞘翅目昆虫超过39万种(聂瑞娥等, 2019)。随着野外工作和分类工作的开展, 鞘翅目昆虫的记录数量持续更新, 但这些新分类阶元分散在不同期刊及图书专著中(Ballerio, 2021a; Fabrizi et al, 2021), 信息传递较慢。
由于鞘翅目分类系统尚处于不断变动过程中, 本文并非探究鞘翅目分类系统的研究, 因此选取获得众多国际同行认可的分类系统(Bouchard et al, 2011; Bouchard & Bousquet, 2020), 通过Web of Science中的Zoological Record数据库(ZR,
1 2021年世界鞘翅目新分类阶元
2021年共发表世界鞘翅目新分类阶元3,375个, 包括2个新亚科, 1个超族, 9个新族, 3个新亚族, 178个新属, 36个新亚属, 3,070个新种, 76个新亚种, 另有1,071个新组合, 485个新异名, 70个分类阶元升级, 26个分类阶元降级(表1)。
表1 2021年世界鞘翅目新属(亚属)、新种(亚种)、新组合、新异名及命名分类阶元变动一览表
Table 1
科名 Family | 新属 New genera | 新亚属 New subgenera | 新种 New species | 新亚种 New subspecies | 新组合 New combination | 新异名 New synonyms | 升级 Raised | 降级 Downgraded |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豉甲科 Gyrinidae | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
步甲科 Carabidae | 31 | 11 | 265 | 33 | 129 | 62 | 8 | 4 |
沼梭甲科 Haliplidae | 1 | 5 | ||||||
小粒龙虱科 Noteridae | 3 | |||||||
龙虱科 Dytiscidae | 28 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 1 | |||
水龟甲科 Hydrophilidae | 2 | 96 | 63 | 9 | 3 | |||
阎甲科 Histeridae | 2 | |||||||
平唇水龟科 Hydraenidae | 1 | 8 | 1 | |||||
缨甲科 Ptiliidae | 3 | 31 | ||||||
觅葬甲科 Agyrtidae | 1 | |||||||
球蕈甲科 Leiodidae | 4 | 21 | 10 | 6 | ||||
埋葬甲科 Silphidae | 1 | |||||||
隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae | 21 | 1 | 532 | 2 | 182 | 77 | 5 | 2 |
粪金龟科 Geotrupidae | 8 | |||||||
黑蜣科 Passalidae | 3 | |||||||
锹甲科 Lucanidae | 6 | 2 | ||||||
红金龟科 Ochodaeidae | 5 | |||||||
驼金龟科 Hybosoridae | 1 | 70 | ||||||
绒毛金龟科 Glaphyridae | 2 | |||||||
金龟科 Scarabaeidae | 6 | 4 | 458 | 3 | 45 | 68 | 12 | 1 |
沼甲科 Scirtidae | 4 | 12 | 9 | 1 | ||||
花甲科 Dascillidae | 1 | |||||||
吉丁虫科 Buprestidae | 200 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 1 | |||
丸甲科 Byrrhidae | 4 | |||||||
溪泥甲科 Elmidae | 2 | 25 | ||||||
泽甲科 Limnichidae | 16 | |||||||
长泥甲科 Heteroceridae | 3 | |||||||
毛泥甲科 Ptilodactylidae | 1 | |||||||
伪长花蚤科 Artematopodidae | 1 | |||||||
隐唇叩甲科 Eucnemidae | 1 | 16 | 1 | |||||
叩甲科 Elateridae | 6 | 64 | 59 | 6 | 2 | 1 | ||
红萤科 Lycidae | 1 | 27 | 1 | 6 | 2 | |||
邻萤科 Telegeusidae | 2 | 2 | ||||||
光萤科 Phengodidae | 10 | 1 | ||||||
萤科 Lampyridae | 1 | 22 | 1 | 7 | 1 | |||
花萤科 Cantharidae | 3 | 43 | 8 | 7 | 2 | |||
小丸甲科 Nosodendridae | 1 | |||||||
纤口萤科 Jurasaidae | 2 | |||||||
皮蠹科 Dermestidae | 3 | 38 | 2 | 1 | ||||
长蠹科 Bostrichidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
蛛甲科 Ptinidae | 2 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||
谷盗科 Trogossitidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
科名 Family | 新属 New genera | 新亚属 New subgenera | 新种 New species | 新亚种 New subspecies | 新组合 New combination | 新异名 New synonyms | 升级 Raised | 降级 Downgraded |
菌郭公甲科 Thanerocleridae | 1 | |||||||
郭公甲科 Cleridae | 1 | 44 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 8 | ||
毛花萤科 Mauroniscidae | 1 | |||||||
拟花萤科 Melyridae | 3 | 8 | 1 | |||||
花扁甲科 Boganiidae | 1 | |||||||
蜡斑甲科 Helotidae | 4 | |||||||
大蕈甲科 Erotylidae | 6 | 11 | 2 | 1 | ||||
球棒甲科 Monotomidae | 1 | |||||||
隐食甲科 Cryptophagidae | 2 | |||||||
锯谷盗科 Silvanidae | 1 | |||||||
扁甲科 Cucujidae | 6 | 1 | ||||||
扁谷盗科 Laemophloeidae | 1 | |||||||
露尾甲科 Nitidulidae | 7 | 2 | 3 | |||||
穴甲科 Bothrideridae | 2 | |||||||
皮坚甲科 Cerylonidae | 4 | |||||||
盘甲科 Discolomatidae | 2 | |||||||
瓢虫科 Coccinellidae | 30 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |||
薪甲科 Lathridiidae | 2 | |||||||
小蕈甲科 Mycetophagidae | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
木蕈甲科 Ciidae | 1 | |||||||
长朽木甲科 Melandryidae | 2 | |||||||
花蚤科 Mordellidae | 2 | 2 | ||||||
幽甲科 Zopheridae | 2 | |||||||
拟步甲科 Tenebrionidae | 22 | 196 | 3 | 72 | 14 | 3 | 1 | |
颚甲科 Prostomidae | 1 | |||||||
芫菁科 Meloidae | 12 | 105 | 6 | 11 | 2 | |||
三栉牛科 Trictenotomidae | 1 | |||||||
树皮甲科 Pythidae | 1 | |||||||
赤翅甲科 Pyrochroidae | 4 | |||||||
角甲科 Salpingidae | 7 | 7 | 41 | 1 | ||||
蚁形甲科 Anthicidae | 29 | 8 | 4 | |||||
伪蚁形甲科 Aderidae | 6 | 1 | 1 | |||||
瘦天牛科 Disteniidae | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||||
天牛科 Cerambycidae | 15 | 5 | 264 | 31 | 64 | 83 | 3 | 4 |
距甲科 Megalopodidae | 16 | 2 | ||||||
叶甲科 Chrysomelidae | 6 | 12 | 91 | 85 | 43 | 3 | 1 | |
长角象科 Anthribidae | 1 | 3 | ||||||
卷象科 Attelabidae | 7 | |||||||
三锥象科 Brentidae | 5 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||
隐颏象科 Dryophthoridae | 3 | |||||||
百合象科 Brachyceridae | 1 | 1 | ||||||
象甲科 Curculionidae | 24 | 245 | 108 | 37 | 4 | |||
总计 Total | 178 | 36 | 3,070 | 76 | 1,071 | 485 | 70 | 26 |
1.1 新亚科、族(亚族)、属(亚属)
2021年发表了两个新亚科: Hapatesinae和Atelederinae, 分别隶属于叩甲科和距甲科。
发表新族(亚族)共计13个, 其中新超族Opilonitae隶属于郭公甲科, 新族中的Ardellini隶属于金龟科, Quelaestrygonini隶属于隐翅虫科, Leucasteini和Sphondyliinii隶属于距甲科, Apodytapiini、Lepanomini、Rhynchitapiini隶属于三锥象科, Namaini和Chaetophloeini隶属于象甲科, 新亚族中的Macrolophina和Temnaspidina隶属于距甲科, Xerasiborina隶属于象甲科。
发表新属178个, 新亚属36个, 隶属于30个科, 其中步甲科(42个)、象甲科(24个)、隐翅虫科(22个)、拟步甲科(22个)、天牛科(20个)的数量较多。
1.2 新种(亚种)
2021年发表新种3,070个, 新亚种76个, 隶属于81个科, 约占世界鞘翅目已知科总数的40%。其中隐翅虫科(534个)、金龟科(461个)、步甲科(298个)、天牛科(295个)、象甲科(245个)、吉丁虫科(201个)和拟步甲科(199个)等科发现新种(亚种)数量较多, 分别约占发表新种(亚种)数的17.0%、14.7%、9.5%、9.4%、7.8%、6.4%和6.3%。
1.3 新组合、新异名、分类阶元升级和降级
2021年发表新组合1,071个, 隶属于37个科, 其中隐翅虫科(182个)、步甲科(129个)、象甲科(108个)、芫菁科(105个)和叶甲科(85个)的数量较多。
新异名共485个, 隶属于34个科, 其中天牛科(83个)、隐翅虫科(77个)、金龟科(68个)、步甲科(62个)和叶甲科(43个)的异名数较多。
共26个分类阶元降级, 涉及郭公甲科(8个)、步甲科(4个)、天牛科(4个)、隐翅虫科(2个)、芫菁科(2个)等11个科。其中Opilonidae和Prioceridae两个科直接降为族级, 分别为Opilonini和Priocerini (Bartlett, 2021); 3个亚科降为族级; 8个族降为亚族; 3个属降为Nebria的亚属; 另外还有10个种降级为亚种。
1.4 新种(亚种)在世界范围的分布
2021年发表的世界鞘翅目昆虫新种(亚种)的模式产地涉及中国(641个)、马来西亚(181个)、印度尼西亚(180个)、越南(163个)、老挝(134个)等123个国家和地区, 不过由于标本标签的原因, 其中有2个新种的模式产地信息只标注为亚洲, 1个新种的模式标本产地不明(图1)。
图1
图1
2021年发表鞘翅目新种(亚种)数量大于25个的国家
Fig. 1
The countries that published more than 25 new species (subspecies) of Coleoptera in 2021
1.5 来源出版物及作者
本文所涉及到的2021年发表世界鞘翅目新种(亚种)的文章共有926篇, 涉及到131个期刊, 其中发表新种(亚种)文章数量较多的5个期刊分别是Zootaxa (207篇, 685个)、ZooKeys (55篇, 252个)、Journal of Insect Biodiversity (11篇, 173个)、Elytra-New Series (56篇, 119个)和Acta Musei Moraviae Scientiae Biologicae (12篇, 115个) (表2)。
表2 2021年发表世界鞘翅目新种(亚种)数量最多的20个期刊
Table 2
期刊 Journal | 新种(亚种)数量 New species (subspecies) number | 新种(亚种) 文章数量 Article number of new species (subspecies) |
---|---|---|
Zootaxa | 685 | 207 |
ZooKeys | 252 | 55 |
Journal of Insect Biodiversity | 173 | 11 |
Elytra New series | 119 | 56 |
Acta Musei Moraviae Scientiae Biologicae | 115 | 12 |
Studies and Reports Taxonomical Series | 97 | 46 |
Folia Heyrovskyana,series A | 90 | 23 |
Linzer biologische Beiträge | 76 | 10 |
Les Cahiers Magellanes | 74 | 21 |
European Journal of Taxonomy | 71 | 24 |
Beitraege zur Entomologie | 68 | 5 |
Fragmenta Entomologica | 68 | 5 |
Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology | 67 | 22 |
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie | 53 | 3 |
Annales Zoologici | 53 | 7 |
Insecta Mundi | 50 | 21 |
Insect Systematics & Evolution | 48 | 5 |
Kogane | 44 | 12 |
Faunitaxys | 42 | 22 |
Giornale Italiano di Entomologia | 40 | 16 |
在单篇发表新种(亚种)数较多的作者中, Fabrizi等(2021)在Zootaxa上单篇发表金龟科新种152个, Jendek (2021)在Journal of Insect Biodiversity上单篇发表吉丁虫科新种(亚种)132个, Assing (2021a)在Acta Musei Moraviae Scientiae Biologicae上单篇发表隐翅虫科新种78个, Ballerio (2021b)在Fragmenta Entomologica上单篇发表驼金龟科新种64个, Opitz (2021)在Linzer Biologische Beitraege上单篇发表郭公甲科新种41个。
2 2021年中国鞘翅目新分类阶元
2.1 发表的新种(亚种)及新记录
2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新种有635个、新亚种6个, 隶属于35个科。其中金龟科(204个)、隐翅虫科(98个)、步甲科(53个)、吉丁虫科(44个)、天牛科(41个)、叶甲科(33个)、拟步甲科(33个)发表新种(亚种)数量较多, 分别占2021年发表新种(亚种)的31.8%、15.3%、8.3%、6.9%、6.4%、5.1%和5.1%。
2021年发表了鞘翅目新记录亚科2个、新记录属13个、新记录亚属1个、新记录种112个和新记录亚种6个。穴甲科的筒穴甲亚科在各大洲均有分布, 但从未在中国出现过, 2021年在中国首次记录(Liu et al, 2021)。隐翅虫科的毛薪甲亚科(Dasycerinae)是在我国台湾发现的中国新记录亚科(Hu & Liang, 2021)。隐翅虫科(5个)、拟步甲科(2个)、叶甲科(2个)所发表的新记录属(亚属)较多; 金龟科(22个)、天牛科(16个)、长蠹科(14个)、象甲科(12个)、隐翅虫科(12个)、豉甲科(7个)发表的新记录种(亚种)较多, 分别占2021年发表新记录种(亚种)的18.6%、13.4%、11.9%、10.2%、10.2%和5.9% (表3)。
表3 2021年中国鞘翅目新属(亚属)、新种(亚种)、新记录一览表
Table 3
科名 Family | 新属 New genera | 新亚属 New subgenera | 新种 New species | 新亚种 New subspecies | 新记录亚科 New record subfamilies | 新记录属 New record genera | 新记录亚属 New record subgenera | 新记录种 New record species | 新记录亚种 New record subspecies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豉甲科 Gyrinidae | 3 | 7 | |||||||
步甲科 Carabidae | 10 | 2 | 52 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||
龙虱科 Dytiscidae | 1 | ||||||||
水龟甲科 Hydrophilidae | 10 | 5 | |||||||
觅葬甲科 Agyrtidae | 1 | ||||||||
埋葬甲科 Silphidae | 1 | ||||||||
隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae | 1 | 98 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 1 | |||
粪金龟科 Geotrupidae | 4 | ||||||||
锹甲科 Lucanidae | 5 | ||||||||
绒毛金龟科 Glaphyridae | 1 | ||||||||
金龟科 Scarabaeidae | 1 | 204 | 21 | 1 | |||||
吉丁虫科 Buprestidae | 44 | 1 | |||||||
溪泥甲科 Elmidae | 2 | 1 | |||||||
泽甲科 Limnichidae | 2 | ||||||||
毛泥甲科 Ptilodactylidae | 1 | ||||||||
科名 Family | 新属 New genera | 新亚属 New subgenera | 新种 New species | 新亚种 New subspecies | 新记录亚科 New record subfamilies | 新记录属 New record genera | 新记录亚属 New record subgenera | 新记录种 New record species | 新记录亚种 New record subspecies |
伪长花蚤科 Artematopodidae | 1 | ||||||||
叩甲科 Elateridae | 24 | 1 | |||||||
萤科 Lampyridae | 7 | ||||||||
花萤科 Cantharidae | 22 | ||||||||
皮蠹科 Dermestidae | 3 | 1 | |||||||
长蠹科 Bostrichidae | 14 | ||||||||
蛛甲科 Ptinidae | 1 | 1 | |||||||
拟花萤科 Melyridae | 1 | ||||||||
大蕈甲科 Erotylidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
扁甲科 Cucujidae | 5 | 1 | |||||||
露尾甲科 Nitidulidae | 5 | 2 | |||||||
穴甲科 Bothrideridae | 1 | ||||||||
薪甲科 Lathridiidae | 2 | ||||||||
大花蚤科 Ripiphoridae | 1 | ||||||||
幽甲科 Zopheridae | 1 | ||||||||
拟步甲科 Tenebrionidae | 1 | 33 | 2 | 3 | |||||
芫菁科 Meloidae | 9 | ||||||||
树皮甲科 Pythidae | 1 | 1 | |||||||
赤翅甲科 Pyrochroidae | 1 | 1 | |||||||
蚁形甲科 Anthicidae | 3 | 3 | |||||||
天牛科 Cerambycidae | 2 | 36 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 3 | |||
叶甲科 Chrysomelidae | 33 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||||
长角象科 Anthribidae | 2 | ||||||||
卷象科 Attelabidae | 1 | ||||||||
象甲科 Curculionidae | 16 | 12 | |||||||
总计 Total | 13 | 4 | 635 | 6 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 112 | 6 |
2.2 新种(亚种)及新记录种(亚种)在中国的分布
2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新种(亚种)的模式产地共涉及到26个省级行政区, 其中云南的新种(亚种)数量全国最多(172个), 四川次之(59个)。此外, 海南、广西、广东、台湾、福建等省区也是鞘翅目新种(亚种)的主要分布地。而天津、上海、宁夏、香港、澳门、河北、黑龙江和江苏8个省区无相关报告。
2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新记录种(亚种)分布地共涉及到26个省级行政区, 其中云南新记录种(亚种)数量全国最多(50个), 广东(11个)、广西(11个)、新疆(10个)等省次之。而上海、香港、澳门、河南、湖北、江苏、山西和贵州8个省区无相关报告(图2)。
图2
图2
2021年中国发表鞘翅目新种(亚种)及新记录种(亚种)数量分布图。
上海、江苏、香港和澳门在2021年没有相关报道。
Fig. 2
Number of new species (subspecies) and new record species (subspecies) of Coleoptera from China in 2021.
No new species (subspecies) or new record species (subspecies) was described in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hong Kong and Macao in 2021.
2.3 来源出版物及发表新种(亚种)的作者
2021年中国鞘翅目新种(亚种)发表在47个期刊中的184篇文章中, 大多数发表在国际刊物上。其中Zootaxa (64篇, 287个)、ZooKeys (24篇, 58个)、Annales Zoologici (2篇, 21个)、Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (1篇, 18个)、Beitraege zur Entomologie (3篇, 17个)、Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology (5篇, 17个)发表新种(亚种)数较多(表4)。
表4 2021年发表中国鞘翅目新种(亚种)最多的前20个期刊
Table 4
期刊 Journal | 新种(亚种)数量 New species (subspecies) number | 新种(亚种)文章数量 Article number of new species (subspecies) |
---|---|---|
Zootaxa | 287 | 64 |
ZooKeys | 58 | 24 |
Annales Zoologici | 21 | 2 |
Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa | 18 | 1 |
Beitraege zur Entomologie | 17 | 3 |
Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology | 17 | 5 |
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology | 16 | 4 |
European Journal of Taxonomy | 15 | 5 |
The Coleopterists Bulletin | 14 | 2 |
Caucasian Entomological Bulletin | 12 | 3 |
Faunitaxys | 11 | 7 |
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences | 11 | 1 |
Studies and Reports Taxonomical Series | 11 | 5 |
Acta Musei Moraviae Scientiae Biologicae | 10 | 6 |
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie | 8 | 2 |
Diversity-Basel | 8 | 2 |
Folia Heyrovskyana, Series A | 8 | 4 |
Annales de la Société entomologique de France | 8 | 3 |
Elytra New Series | 7 | 7 |
Entomotaxonomia | 7 | 5 |
Journal of Natural History | 7 | 4 |
发表新种(亚种)的文章大多是国内外专家学者合作完成。例如, 中国玛绢金龟属(Maladera)的修订是在中国科学院动物所刘万岗、白明和杨星科等与德国Fabrizi Silvia和Ahrens Dirk等人历经10年合作完成, 单篇发表142个中国新种(Fabrizi et al, 2021), 占中国鞘翅目发表新种(亚种)总数的22.2%; 此外, Ahrens Dirk和刘万岗等人单篇发表20个新种, 占发表总数的3.1% (Ahrens et al, 2021), Platia Giuseppe单篇发表18个新种, 占发表总数的2.8% (Platia, 2021); 彭忠亮单篇发表12个新种(Peng, 2021), 占发表总数的1.9%; Kavanaugh David H.和梁红斌单篇发表11个新种, 占发表总数的1.7% (Kavanaugh & Liang, 2021); Assing Volker单篇发表10个新种, 占发表总数的1.6% (Assing, 2021b)。
3 小结与展望
本文总结和提炼了来自Zoological Record等数据库平台和相关专家学者补充的文献内容, 尽管已有多位专家学者进行了文献补充, 且在整理数据时已经过逐条核对, 但仍无法避免由于文献发表滞后、文献可达性不足及数据统计疏漏等情况, 造成数据统计方面存在一些瑕疵。然而, 目前的统计结果已能反映2021年世界鞘翅目新分类阶元的整体情况。世界鞘翅目新分类阶元中, 隐翅虫科、金龟科、步甲科、天牛科、象甲科、吉丁虫科、拟步甲科等科所发表的新种(亚种)数较多, 主要分布在中国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、越南、老挝等国家。另外隐翅虫科、芫菁科、金龟科、天牛科、步甲科、象甲科的新异名及变动相对较多, 反映了这些类群受到了学者们的广泛关注。中国鞘翅目新分类阶元中金龟科、隐翅虫科、步甲科、吉丁虫科、天牛科、叶甲科、拟步甲科发表的新种(亚种)数量较多; 发表的新记录种(亚种)中金龟科、天牛科、长蠹科、象甲科、隐翅虫科的数量较多, 均主要分布在我国的西南地区。2021年世界新种(亚种)、中国鞘翅目新种(亚种)和新记录主要发表在Zootaxa、ZooKeys等国际期刊, 发表新种(亚种)数接近世界鞘翅目新种(亚种)总数的30%, 接近中国鞘翅目新种(亚种)数的54%, 发表新记录种(亚种)数接近中国鞘翅目新记录种(亚种)数的39%, 为分类学研究做出了巨大的贡献, 而发表在国内期刊的物种寥寥无几。
另外, 就新种(亚种)和新记录种(亚种)数而言, 中国发表的新种(亚种)和新记录种(亚种)数量在所有国家中遥遥领先, 且2021年世界鞘翅目新分类阶元和中国鞘翅目新分类阶元的发表新种(亚种)数较2020年有较大的变化。2020年发表的中国鞘翅目新种(亚种) 398个, 新记录种51个(李露露等, 2021), 2021年发表中国鞘翅目新种(亚种) 641个, 新记录种(亚种) 118个, 发表的种数明显增多; 2020年发表世界鞘翅目新种(亚种) 2,835个(丁强, 2022), 2021年发表世界鞘翅目新种(亚种) 3,146个, 发表的新种(亚种)数增加。这个现象在一定程度上体现出世界鞘翅目分类队伍和相关研究处于上升阶段, 中国已成为该领域的主力军, 并呈现出蓬勃发展的新气象, 也希望未来我国甲虫学界能够在甲虫多样性和进化领域作出更大贡献并发挥引领作用。
2021年正式见刊的1,114篇文献中, 借助分子数据来进行物种鉴定或相关研究的有27篇, 可见分类学中多学科交叉正在兴起, Stork (2018)曾提到昆虫的DNA研究能够解决分类学上难以处理的新物种的问题, 是进行进一步研究的关键。未来有望将分类学和分子生物学、人工智能等领域继续融合发展, 实现分类学创新发展和迭代升级, 为有效支撑生物学理论领域、国民经济发展、国防、生物安全等方面作出更大的贡献, 为服务我国生物多样性事业、“美丽中国”建设和“一带一路”协同发展提供科学依据。
附录 Supplementary Material
附录1 2021年世界鞘翅目现生类群分类年鉴及文献目录
Appendix 1 Taxonomic yearbook and bibliography of extant Coleoptera in 2021
致谢
感谢河北大学任国栋、潘昭、刘浩宇、牛一平, 上海师范大学李利珍、殷子为, 深圳职业技术学院阮用颖, 中山大学刘振华(拟定Teredinae中文名), 西华师范大学魏中华, 长江大学金振宇、王平, 绵阳师范学院邱鹭、许浩, 广东省科学院动物研究所高传部, 中国科学院动物研究所杨星科、葛斯琴、梁红斌、林美英、徐思远、陈炎栋, 中国科学院地球环境研究所刘万岗, 捷克查理大学David Kral, 俄罗斯科学院动物研究所Andrey Frolov等众多学者提供的文献、图片、数据和指导。感谢编辑部及匿名审稿专家给予的详细建议和修改意见。
参考文献
An overview on the genus Amiserica Nomura, 1974 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Sericini)
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Here we present an overview of the species of the genus Amiserica Nomura, 1974. The taxonomy of the species of eastern Asia (China and adjacent regions) is revised herein, which so far have not been treated yet. Twenty-eight species are discovered new to science: Amiserica basisymmetrica Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. belousovi Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. carolusholzschuhi Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. diaocangshana Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. eucurviforceps Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. fengyangensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. funiushanica Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. gibbosiforceps Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. guanmenshanica Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. guizhouensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. gulinqin Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. incisa Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. jiuhuensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. jizuensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. linzhouensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. longxinensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. lucidiflava Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. nahang Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. panghongae Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. pappi Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. piaoac Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. pseudoantennalis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. pseudoincisa Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. sacculiforceps Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. strnadi Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. ventriscalptus Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. venxianensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species, A. zhongtiaoshanensis Ahrens, Fabrizi Liu, new species. Furthermore, our investigation resulted in two new combinations: Maladera (Eumaladera) loi (Kobayashi, 1991), new combination and Amiserica antennalis (Nomura, 1974), new combination; the first species is thus excluded from Amiserica. A key to species groups and species within groups is given, habitus and male genitalia are illustrated. The distribution of the species revised herein is shown on maps.
On the Lomechusini of the Palaearctic and Oriental regions XXVIII. New genera, species, and records, with a focus on the fauna of Laos and Borneo (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
New species and additional records of Leptusa from the Palaearctic region, with a focus on the faunas of China and the Caucasus region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
First contribution to the knowledge of the Ceratocanthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea:Hybosoridae) from the Solomon Islands, with descriptions of five new species
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A preliminary suprageneric classification for Clerinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae) based on molecular and morphological evidence, including a review of tegminal terminology
Additions and corrections to family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)
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Changes to the treatment of Coleoptera family-group names published by Bouchard et al. (2011) are given. These include necessary additions and corrections based on much-appreciated suggestions from our colleagues, as well as our own research. Our ultimate goal is to assemble a complete list of available Coleoptera family-group names published up to the end of 2010 (including information about their spelling, author, year of publication, and type genus). The following 59 available Coleoptera family-group names are based on type genera not included in Bouchard et al. (2011): Prothydrinae Guignot, 1954, Aulonogyrini Ochs, 1953 (Gyrinidae); Pogonostomini Mandl 1954, Merismoderini Wasmann, 1929, †Escheriidae Kolbe, 1880 (Carabidae); Timarchopsinae Wang, Ponomarenko & Zhang, 2010 (Coptoclavidae); Stictocraniini Jakobson, 1914 (Staphylinidae); Cylindrocaulini Zang, 1905, Kaupiolinae Zang, 1905 (Passalidae); Phaeochroinae Kolbe, 1912 (Hybosoridae); Anthypnidae Chalande, 1884 (Glaphyridae); Comophorini Britton, 1957, Comophini Britton, 1978, Chasmidae Streubel, 1846, Mimelidae Theobald, 1882, Rhepsimidae Streubel, 1846, Ometidae Streubel, 1846, Jumnidae Burmeister, 1842, Evambateidae Gistel, 1856 (Scarabaeidae); Protelmidae Jeannel, 1950 (Byrrhoidea); Pseudeucinetini Csiki, 1924 (Limnichidae); Xylotrogidae Schönfeldt, 1887 (Bostrichidae); †Mesernobiinae Engel, 2010, Fabrasiinae Lawrence & Reichardt, 1966 (Ptinidae); Arhinopini Kirejtshuk & Bouchard, 2018 (Nitidulidae); Hypodacninae Dajoz, 1976, Ceuthocera Mannerheim, 1852 (Cerylonidae); Symbiotinae Joy, 1932 (Endomychidae); Cheilomenini Schilder & Schilder, 1928, Veraniini Schilder & Schilder, 1928 (Coccinellidae); Ennearthroninae Chûjô, 1939 (Ciidae); Curtimordini Odnosum, 2010, Mordellochroini Odnosum, 2010 (Mordellidae); Chanopterinae Borchmann, 1915 (Promecheilidae); Heptaphyllini Prudhomme de Borre, 1886, Olocratarii Baudi di Selve, 1875, Opatrinaires Mulsant & Rey, 1853, Telacianae Poey, 1854, Ancylopominae Pascoe, 1871 (Tenebrionidae); Oxycopiini Arnett, 1984 (Oedemeridae); Eutrypteidae Gistel, 1856 (Mycteridae); Pogonocerinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1985 (Pyrochroidae); Amblyderini Desbrochers des Loges, 1899 (Anthicidae); Trotommideini Pic, 1903 (Scraptiidae); Acmaeopsini Della Beffa, 1915, Trigonarthrini Villiers, 1984, Eunidiini Téocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2010 (Cerambycidae); Macropleini Lopatin, 1977, Stenopodiides Horn, 1883, Microrhopalides Horn, 1883, Colaphidae Siegel, 1866, Lexiphanini Wilcox, 1954 (Chrysomelidae); †Medmetrioxenoidesini Legalov, 2010, †Megametrioxenoidesini Legalov, 2010 (Nemonychidae); Myrmecinae Tanner, 1966, Tapinotinae Joy, 1932, Acallinae Joy, 1932, Cycloderini Hoffmann, 1950, Sthereini Hatch, 1971 (Curculionidae). The following 21 family-group names, listed as unavailable in Bouchard et al. (2011), are determined to be available: Eohomopterinae Wasmann, 1929 (Carabidae); Prosopocoilini Benesh, 1960, Pseudodorcini Benesh, 1960, Rhyssonotini Benesh, 1960 (Lucanidae); Galbini Beaulieu, 1919 (Eucnemidae); Troglopates Mulsant & Rey, 1867 (Melyridae); Hippodamiini Weise, 1885 (Coccinellidae); Micrositates Mulsant & Rey, 1854, Héliopathaires Mulsant & Rey, 1854 (Tenebrionidae); Hypasclerini Arnett, 1984; Oxaciini Arnett, 1984 (Oedemeridae); Stilpnonotinae Borchmann, 1936 (Mycteridae); Trogocryptinae Lawrence, 1991 (Salpingidae); Grammopterini Della Beffa, 1915, Aedilinae Perrier, 1893, Anaesthetinae Perrier, 1893 (Cerambycidae); Physonotitae Spaeth, 1942, Octotomides Horn, 1883 (Chrysomelidae); Sympiezopinorum Faust, 1886, Sueinae Murayama, 1959, Eccoptopterini Kalshoven, 1959 (Curculionidae). The following names were proposed as new without reference to family-group names based on the same type genus which had been made available at an earlier date: Dineutini Ochs, 1926 (Gyrinidae); Odonteini Shokhin, 2007 (Geotrupidae); Fornaxini Cobos, 1965 (Eucnemidae); Auletobiina Legalov, 2001 (Attelabidae). The priority of several family-group names, listed as valid in Bouchard et al. (2011), is affected by recent bibliographic discoveries or new nomenclatural interpretations. †Necronectinae Ponomarenko, 1977 is treated as permanently invalid and replaced with †Timarchopsinae Wang, Ponomarenko & Zhang, 2010 (Coptoclavidae); Agathidiini Westwood, 1838 is replaced by the older name Anisotomini Horaninow, 1834 (Staphylinidae); Cyrtoscydmini Schaufuss, 1889 is replaced by the older name Stenichnini Fauvel, 1885 (Staphylinidae); Eremazinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1977 is treated as unavailable and replaced with Eremazinae Stebnicka, 1977 (Scarabaeidae); Coryphocerina Burmeister, 1842 is replaced by the older name Rhomborhinina Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae); Eudysantina Bouchard, Lawrence, Davies & Newton, 2005 is replaced by the older name Dysantina Gebien, 1922 which is not permanently invalid (Tenebrionidae). The names Macraulacinae/-ini Fleutiaux, 1923 (Eucnemidae), Anamorphinae Strohecker, 1953 (Endomychidae), Pachycnemina Laporte, 1840 (Scarabaeidae), Thaumastodinae Champion, 1924 (Limnichidae), Eudicronychinae Girard, 1971 (Elateridae), Trogoxylini Lesne, 1921 (Bostrichidae), Laemophloeidae Ganglbauer, 1899 (Laemophloeidae); Ancitini Aurivillius, 1917 (Cerambycidae) and Tropiphorini Marseul, 1863 (Curculionidae) are threatened by the discovery of older names; Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9) or an application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be necessary to retain usage of the younger synonyms. Reversal of Precedence is used herein to qualify the following family-group names as : Murmidiinae Jacquelin du Val, 1858 (Cerylonidae) and Chalepini Weise, 1910 (Chrysomelidae). The following 17 Coleoptera family-group names (some of which are used as valid) are homonyms of other family-group names in zoology, these cases must be referred to the Commission for a ruling to remove the homonymy: Catiniidae Ponomarenko, 1968 (Catiniidae); Homopterinae Wasmann, 1920, Glyptini Horn, 1881 (Carabidae); Tychini Raffray, 1904, Ocypodina Hatch, 1957 (Staphylinidae); Gonatinae Kuwert, 1891 (Passalidae); Aplonychidae Burmeister, 1855 (Scarabaeidae); Microchaetini Paulus, 1973 (Byrrhidae); Epiphanini Muona, 1993 (Eucnemidae); Limoniina Jakobson, 1913 (Elateridae); Ichthyurini Champion, 1915 (Cantharidae); Decamerinae Crowson, 1964 (Trogossitidae); Trichodidae Streubel, 1839 (Cleridae); Monocorynini Miyatake, 1988 (Coccinellidae); Gastrophysina Kippenberg, 2010, Chorinini Weise, 1923 (Chrysomelidae); Meconemini Pierce, 1930 (Anthribidae). The following new substitute names are proposed: (to replace Ponomarenko, 1968) and Phoroschizidae (to replace Schizophoridae Ponomarenko, 1968); (to replace Faust, 1894) and Mesostyloidini (to replace Mesostylini Reitter, 1913). The following new genus-group name synonyms are proposed [valid names in square brackets]: Gistel, 1856 [ Fabricius, 1801] (Lucanidae); Gistel, 1856 [ Fabricius, 1775] (Scarabaeidae); Gistel, 1856 [ Latreille, 1797] (Byturidae). Two type genera previously treated as preoccupied and invalid, Latreille, 1828 and Pascoe, 1869 (Tenebrionidae), are determined to be senior homonyms based on bibliographical research. While is treated as valid here, Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9) is used to conserve usage of Guérin-Méneville, 1831 over.
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世界鞘翅目2020年新分类单元
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鞘翅目昆虫是陆地上最大的生物类群, 具有极为丰富的物种多样性和形态多样性, 在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要作用, 与人类社会生产密不可分。定期对世界鞘翅目新分类单元进行汇总整理, 有助于更好地了解鞘翅目多样性的发展动态, 从而促进对生态系统结构与功能的了解以及鞘翅目昆虫资源的开发与保护。本文对2020年发表的世界鞘翅目分类学文献进行了系统地整理与分析。结果表明, 2020年共发表世界鞘翅目新分类单元3,228个(含化石种类), 包括1个新科5个新亚科13个新族218个新属18个新亚属2,973个新种; 提出了1,319个新组合610个新异名49个降级的分类单元及61个升级的分类单元。重点研究的类群包括隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)、步甲科(Carabidae)、象甲科(Curculionidae)、天牛科(Cerambycidae)等。世界鞘翅目昆虫新物种模式标本产地涉及118个国家和地区, 大部分新物种分布于中国、巴西、墨西哥、厄瓜多尔、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和越南。收录世界鞘翅目昆虫新发表种的论文/专著共995篇/部, 涉及期刊或出版社141个。2020年, 世界鞘翅目分类学取得了显著进展, 但同时也暴露了新种发现速度略慢于1978-2000年的平均速度以及地区和类群研究力度不均衡的问题, 未来仍需加大投入, 探寻更加高效准确的方法, 以期实现对全球生物多样性的全面评估和保护。
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One hundred and thirty-two new taxa of Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Oriental and Palaearctic realms
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Inventory of the carabid beetle fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, western Yunnan Province, China, species of the tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
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DOI:10.17520/biods.2021164 URL [本文引用: 2]
中国鞘翅目2020年新分类单元
The first record of Teredidae (Coleoptera, Coccinelloidea) from China, with description of a new species of Teredus Dejean, 1835
DOI:10.3390/insects12111028 URL [本文引用: 1]
Seventy years of Chinese beetle research
中国甲虫研究七十年
Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Priocera Kirby (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Clerinae)
Studies on the genus Habroloma Thomson from China (3)—Description of twelve new species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae: Tracheini)
New species and geonemic records of the genera Agonischius Candèze, Vuilletus Fleutiaux, Agriotes Eschscholtz, Ectinus Eschscholtz, Tinecus Fleutiaux, Rainerus Platia and Chatanayus Fleutiaux from China, South East Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Elaterini and Agriotini)
Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers
DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020 URL [本文引用: 1]
How many species of insects and other terrestrial arthropods are there on earth?
DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348 URL [本文引用: 2]
Biodiversity information resources. I. Species distribution, catalogue, phylogeny, and life history traits
DOI:10.17520/biods.2017184
[本文引用: 1]
Species distribution, catalogues, phylogeny, and life history traits are the data basis of biodiversity studies, playing critical roles in understanding species origins, evolution, and conservation biodiversity. Recently, a large number of scientific data-sharing platforms have been created, greatly contributing to the development of biodiversity informatics. However, it is difficult for most researchers to deal with big data with high complexity and heterogeneity. Determining how to select and utilize these data accurately and effectively becomes a huge challenge for ecologists and conservation biologists. To better deal with existing problems related to scattered distributed data, we classify biodiversity data resources into four groups (species distribution, catalogues, phylogeny and life history traits), and select representative databases (e.g. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, The Plant List, Open Tree of Life, and The Plant Trait Database (TRY) for demonstration. For each database, data type, and sampling design, geographic coverage and data availability are reported, and selected publications using these datasets are briefly introduced. Meanwhile, we describe recent achievements on the construction of China’s biodiversity digital platforms in each section. Overall, we hope that this paper provides a starting point for researchers to be familiar with these databases and use them correctly, and could have the potential to stimulate the development of related fields in research and conservation of biodiversity under the efforts of researchers and the public.
生物多样性信息资源. I. 物种分布、编目、系统发育与生活史性状
Tachyporinae revisited: Phylogeny, evolution, and higher classification based on morphology, with recognition of a new rove beetle subfamily (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
DOI:10.3390/biology10040323 URL [本文引用: 1]
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