动物消化道微生物多样性与宿主协同进化关系的研究进展
收稿日期: 2023-06-25
录用日期: 2023-10-18
网络出版日期: 2023-11-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(32260845)
Advances in research on the relationship between microbial diversity in the animal digestive tract and coevolution with the host
Received date: 2023-06-25
Accepted date: 2023-10-18
Online published: 2023-11-09
动物消化道栖息着复杂的微生物群落, 它们与动物的生理和代谢过程有着密切的联系。现有研究表明消化道微生物的演化与多样性受到动物生存环境、饮食习惯、生活方式等因素影响, 而消化道微生物群落组成和功能也可以影响到动物的进化, 这种寄生与被寄生物种间的相互作用是二者进化过程中微生物多样性的重要驱动力。本文概述了动物与消化道微生物进化关系及不同动物的消化道微生物群的组成, 并探讨了动物与消化道微生物群在适应性进化过程中的联系以及不同动物中消化道优势微生物, 我们发现尽管动物消化道微生物区系组成具有多样性, 但大多数动物消化道70%-90%的微生物群落仍然来自于厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门, 其原因可能是这两个菌门在分解复杂碳水化合物方面有重要作用。同时我们也指出当前研究应考虑到动物和消化道微生物进化趋势的定义、进化速度以及动物与消化道微生物间存在的竞争与合作等因素对于二者进化关系的影响, 以便于验证其准确性。
俄广旭 , 白天天 , 朱振宇 , 郭雪峰 . 动物消化道微生物多样性与宿主协同进化关系的研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2023 , 31(11) : 23214 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023214
Background: The digestive tracts of animals host intricate microbial communities that play a crucial role in the physiological and metabolic processes of the animals. Current research suggests that the evolution and diversity of these digestive tract microbiota are influenced by factors such as the animals’ living environment, dietary habits, and lifestyle. Furthermore, the composition and function of the microbial communities in the digestive tract can also impact the animals’ evolution. The interaction between parasitic and host species is acknowledged as a significant driving force for microbial diversity during the evolutionary processes of both.
Progress This paper focuses on the interaction between animals and digestive tract microorganisms, summarizes the evolutionary relationship between animals and digestive tract microorganisms and the composition of digestive tract microflora in different animals, and discusses the relationship between animals and digestive tract microflora in adaptive evolution and the dominant microorganisms in digestive tract of different animals. Despite the diversity of gut microbial composition in animals, it was found that 70% to 90% of gut microbial communities in most animals still come from the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, which may be due to their significant role in the degradation of complex carbohydrates.
Conclusion: Current research should take into account the definition of the evolutionary trend of animals and digestive tract microorganisms, the speed of evolution, and the influence of competition and cooperation between animals and digestive tract microorganisms on the evolutionary relationship between the two, so as to verify its accuracy.
Key words: animals; digestive tract; digestive tract microflora; co-evolution; diversity; dominant phyla
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