生态系统与生物多样性经济学(The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, TEEB)是生物多样性与生态系统服务价值评估、示范和政策应用的综合方法体系, 为生物多样性保护和可持续利用提供了新的思路和方法。TEEB在2007年被首次提出, 自2008年以来得到了联合国环境规划署的支持。生态系统服务包括供给服务、调节服务、文化服务和栖息地服务4大类, 价值评估方法多采用市场价值法、显示性偏好法、陈述性偏好法等。本文总结了全球、区域、国家和地方等尺度的生物多样性主流化措施。目前, 有30多个国家开展了TEEB国家研究, 对生物多样性相关政策的制定产生了积极影响, 并推动了TEEB的进一步应用: 在国家层面可应用于绿色经济、可持续发展和企业绿色经营模式等; 在国际层面可为《生物多样性公约》等相关国际行动提供支撑。今后生物多样性价值评估研究应重点关注: (1)在国际层面, 要加强生物多样性跨行业、跨区域合作, 加强科学研究与政策应用的衔接; (2)在我国, 首先要分层次(生态系统、物种、基因)、分尺度(国家、省、地方)构建TEEB方法体系, 其次积极探索将TEEB理念应用于地方发展考核、干部政绩考核、有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度等政策的途径, 促进地区间公平与自然资源的可持续利用。

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), which provides new insight and approaches for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, is an integrated approach to assess, demonstrate, and apply policy for biodiversity and ecosystem value. TEEB was firstly proposed in 2007, and has been supported by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since 2008. Ecosystem services include supply services, regulating services, cultural services, and habitat services based on the TEEB framework. The value evaluation methods generally include the direct market value method, revealed preference method and stated preference method. We also summarized the measures to mainstream biodiversity at the global, regional, national and local levels. Presently, more than 30 countries have undertaken studies on TEEB and have produced positive impacts on policy-making and further application of TEEB. For example, at the country level, it can be used to green economy, sustainable development and corporate green management. At the international level, it can support the implementation of the Convention of Biological Diversity and other relevant international action. For the future, this paper suggested TEEB’s focuses: (1) At the international level, it is needed to enhance cross-sector and inter-regional cooperation in biodiversity and promote findings at the science-policy interface; (2) In China, it is needed to build TEEB methodology from the sub-levels (ecosystem, species and gene) and sub-scales (national, provincial and local), and explore the application of TEEB concepts in local development assessment, cadre performance appraisal, paying utilization of natural resources, ecological compensation and other policies in order to promote regional equity and sustainable use of natural resources.