生物多样性 >

2022 , Vol. 30 >Issue 9: 22157

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2022157

中国猫科动物研究与保护专题

三江源国家级自然保护区内云塔村雪豹种群动态

  • 初漠嫣 ,
  • 梁书洁 ,
  • 李沛芸 ,
  • 贾丁 ,
  • 阿卜杜赛麦提·买尔迪亚力 ,
  • 李雪阳 ,
  • 姜楠 ,
  • 赵翔 ,
  • 李发祥 ,
  • 肖凌云 ,
  • 吕植
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  • 1.北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心, 北京 100871
    2.山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871
    3.西交利物浦大学理学院健康与环境科学系, 江苏苏州 215123
    4.三江源国家公园管理局, 西宁 810000
Lingyun.Xiao@xjtlu.edu.cn
* E-mail: luzhi@pku.edu.cn;

收稿日期: 2022-04-01

  录用日期: 2022-09-19

  网络出版日期: 2022-09-26

基金资助

科技部重点研发项目(2022YFF1301500);华泰证券“一个长江”项目;字节跳动公益和阿拉善SEE三江源项目

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Population dynamic of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Yunta Village, Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve, China

  • Moyan Chu ,
  • Shujie Liang ,
  • Peiyun Li ,
  • Ding Jia ,
  • Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali ,
  • Xueyang Li ,
  • Nan Jiang ,
  • Xiang Zhao ,
  • Faxiang Li ,
  • Lingyun Xiao ,
  • Zhi Lü
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  • 1. Center for Nature and Society, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
    2. Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871
    3. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
    4. Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration, Xining 810000

Received date: 2022-04-01

  Accepted date: 2022-09-19

  Online published: 2022-09-26

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摘要

种群监测可为物种研究和保护提供关键信息和依据。雪豹(Panthera uncia)作为亚洲高山生态系统的顶级捕食者和旗舰种, 一直是研究和保护的重点, 但其难以到达的栖息地、隐秘的行踪和广阔的家域使其监测工作开展难度较大, 雪豹种群动态研究较为匮乏。本研究在2013年10月至2019年1月期间, 使用当地社区维护的红外相机, 监测三江源国家级自然保护区通天河沿保护分区内青海省玉树州哈秀乡云塔村雪豹种群的密度和动态, 共识别出35只雪豹个体。基于数据质量较好的2015、2016、2017年连续3年的红外相机数据各年截取3个月数据, 使用空间标记-重捕模型估算种群数量和密度, 发现当地雪豹种群和成年个体密度基本维持稳定, 种群增长率为1.02, 但监测期间雪豹个体更替明显, 平均个体更替率为0.44, 并且围绕两片雪豹核心利用区域发生了领域取代。推测雪豹种群具有较多个体更替和领域取代是因为种群处在雪豹潜在扩散通道上, 或调查范围未覆盖完整种群。本研究是国内首次对雪豹进行较为长期的种群动态监测和分析, 研究结果体现了动态监测的重要性, 也显示出以当地社区为主体监测哺乳动物种群的可能性。

关键词： 雪豹; 种群动态监测; 红外相机法; 空间标记-重捕模型

本文引用格式

初漠嫣 , 梁书洁 , 李沛芸 , 贾丁 , 阿卜杜赛麦提·买尔迪亚力 , 李雪阳 , 姜楠 , 赵翔 , 李发祥 , 肖凌云 , 吕植 . 三江源国家级自然保护区内云塔村雪豹种群动态[J]. 生物多样性, 2022 , 30(9) : 22157 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022157

Abstract

Aims: Wildlife population monitoring projects provide important insight and basis for species research and conservation efforts. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia), as the top predator and flagship species of Asian mountainous ecosystems, is of great scientific and conservation interest. However, due to its remote habitat, elusive behavior and large home ranges, long-term population monitoring study on snow leopards is rarely reported. Here we report a long-term population monitoring project of snow leopards in Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve (Yunta Village, Haxiu Township, Yushu Prefecture, Qinghai Province) from Oct. 2013 to Jan. 2019.
Methods: We monitored the population using infrared cameras maintained by the local community. We estimated population size and density as well as population growth rate using spatially explicit capture-recapture model (SECR). We calculated population turnover rates and analyzed territory replacement.
Results: In total, we identified 35 snow leopard individuals. From SECR, population estimation based on 3-month high-quality data for three consecutive years (2015-2017) suggested stable population dynamic with a growth rate of 1.02. However, individual turnover was obvious with a rate of 0.44, and territory displacement happened around core utilization area of snow leopards. We proposed that the snow leopard population might locate on a potential dispersal pathway of snow leopards, or the camera array only covered a fraction of the population.
Conclusion: As the first long-term population monitoring project of snow leopards reported in China, our work highlights the importance of long-term monitoring, and demonstrates the feasibility of mammal population monitoring maintained by local communities.

Key words： snow leopard (Panthera uncia); population dynamic monitoring; camera-trapping; spatially explicit capture-recapture model

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