生物多样性 >

2022 , Vol. 30 >Issue 4: 21233

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2021233

研究报告: 植物多样性

我国网络平台本土兰科植物贸易状况

  • 黄婧 ,
  • 孙美 ,
  • 余文峰 ,
  • 武建勇 ,
  • 田怀珍
展开
  • 1.华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200241
    2.上海瞰点科技有限责任公司益盟股份AI与大数据研究院, 上海 200123
    3.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
thz0102@126.com
*E-mail: wujy10@hotmail.com;

收稿日期: 2021-06-07

  录用日期: 2021-12-29

  网络出版日期: 2022-04-14

收起

Trade of native orchids on Chinese online platforms

  • Jing Huang ,
  • Mei Sun ,
  • Wenfeng Yu ,
  • Jianyong Wu ,
  • Huaizhen Tian
Expand
  • 1 School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
    2 AI and Big Data Research Institute, Shanghai Seek Data Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200123
    3 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042

Received date: 2021-06-07

  Accepted date: 2021-12-29

  Online published: 2022-04-14

Fold

摘要

我国兰科植物物种丰富, 很多具有极高的药用和观赏价值。随着网络平台的迅速发展, 兰科植物的线上交易越来越普遍。为了解国内网络平台的本土兰科植物贸易情况, 本文利用PyCharm Community软件爬取网络交易信息和人工浏览收集的方法, 分析了淘宝网、拼多多和中兰网的兰科植物贸易情况。调查发现: 网络贸易的本土兰科植物共计84属339种(含3变种), 包含45个中国特有种, 兰属(Cymbidium)和石斛属(Dendrobium)是最大的贸易对象。其中, 仅以观赏用途作为卖点的兰科植物309种(91.1%), 仅以药用价值作为卖点的兰科植物5种(1.5%), 以双用途作为卖点的兰科植物25种(7.4%)。本次调查共记录到336种(99.1%)野生兰科植物销售信息, 并发现部分销售者刻意包装野生兰科植物的现象。大部分淘宝网和拼多多的兰科植物最大销售量对应的价位为10-49元, 其中拼多多的价格更低且集中, 位于15-35元的占57.5%。商品货源地较集中, 主要包括云南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区、浙江省、福建省和四川省。进一步对本次记录的兰科植物进行濒危等级统计后发现: 受威胁兰科植物188种(55.5%), 其中极危(Critically Endangered, CR) 23种(6.8%), 濒危(Endangered, EN) 85种(25.1%), 易危(Vulnerable, VU) 80种(23.6%)。为加强我国野生兰科植物多样性保护, 强烈建议各网络平台依据最新《国家重点保护野生植物名录》制定兰科植物商品信息发布规则, 重点监督货源地集中的地区, 同时加强对公众的宣传教育, 相关部门应利用网络平台加强兰科资源的信息交流, 共同保护野生兰科植物。

关键词： 兰花贸易; 兰科植物; 网络平台; 野生资源; 保护利用

本文引用格式

黄婧 , 孙美 , 余文峰 , 武建勇 , 田怀珍 . 我国网络平台本土兰科植物贸易状况[J]. 生物多样性, 2022 , 30(4) : 21233 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021233

Abstract

Aims: China has a high diversity of orchid species, and many of them have high medicinal and ornamental value. With the rapid development of online platforms, the online trade of orchids is becoming increasingly prevalent. This study aims to explore the scope of native online orchid trading in China by investigating the three main trading platforms: Taobao, Pinduoduo and Hmlan.

Methods: We utilized the Pycharm Community software to sift through online trade information and manually browsed other information and recorded it. Then, we made a statistical analysis of the online orchid trade on Taobao, Pinduoduo and Hmlan.

Results: In total, 339 species (including three varieties) classified into 84 genera of orchids were recorded in this survey, including 45 endemic species. Among them, Cymbidium and Dendrobium were the most traded orchid genera. There were 309 species (91.1%) sold for only ornamental use, 5 species (1.5%) for only medicinal use, and 25 species (7.4%) for both purposes. A total of 336 species (99.1%) of wild orchids were recorded, and merchants sell wild orchids on purpose. More than half of the orchids were sold at the price of ¥10-¥49 with the maximum sales on Taobao and Pinduoduo, and sales on Pinduoduo were lower and more concentrated within the price range of ¥15-¥35 occupied 57.5% of sales. Further statistics on the endangered degree of recorded orchids found that 188 species (55.5%) were in threatened, including 23 species (6.8%) in Critically Endangered (CR), 85 species (25.1%) in Endangered (EN) and 80 species (23.6%) in Vulnerable (VU). The source provinces of the orchid sold were mainly in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and Sichuan.

Conclusion: To effectively strengthen the protection of wild orchid diversity in China, it is strongly recommended that each online platform reforms the rules of selling orchids based on the latest List of National Key Protected Wild Plants. Regions mentioned above should be paid more attention, and public education on orchid protection should be enhanced. Relevant departments need to exchange information about the sale of wild orchids on online platforms to protect them.

Key words： orchid trade; Orchidaceae; online platforms; wild resources; conservation and utilization

参考文献

[1] Armbruster WS (2017) The specialization continuum in pollination systems: Diversity of concepts and implications for ecology, evolution and conservation. Functional Ecology, 31, 88-100.
[2] Chase MW, Cameron KM, Freudenstein JV, Pridgeon AM, Salazar G, van den Berg C, Schuiteman A (2015) An updated classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 151-174.
[3] Chen HH, Zang SW, Chen J, He WT, Chieh HC (2020) Looking for meaningful disruptive innovation: Counter- attack from Pinduoduo. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 30, 23-44.
[4] Chen XQ, Liu ZJ, Zhu GH, Lang KY, Ji ZH, Luo YB, Jin XH, Cribb PJ, Wood JJ, Gale SW, Ormerod P, Vermeulen JJ, Wood HP, Clayton D, Bell A (2009) Flora of China, Volume 25. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
[5] Chen ZL, Zeng SJ, Wu KL, Duan J (2010) Dendrobium shixingense sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Guangdong, China. Nordic Journal of Botany, 28, 723-727.
[6] China Wild Plant Protection Association (2018) Wild Orchidaceae Protective Action. (in Chinese)
[6] [中国野生植物保护协会 (2018) 野生兰科植物保护行动.] https://www.wpca.org.cn/bhlkzw. (accessed on 2021-02-07)
[7] CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) (2019a) Checklist of CITES Species. https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/species.php. (accessed on 2021-02-07)
[8] CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) (2019b) CITES Glossary. https://cites.org/eng/resources/terms/glossary.php. (accessed on 2021-12-01)
[9] Cruz-Garcia G, Lagunez-Rivera L, Chavez-Angeles MG, Solano-Gomez R (2015) The wild orchid trade in a Mexican local market: Diversity and economics. Economic Botany, 69, 291-305.
[10] Editorial Committee of Chinese Flora (1999) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Tomus 17, 18, 19). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[10] [中国植物志编辑委员会 (1999) 中国植物志(第十七卷、第十八卷、第十九卷). 科学出版社, 北京.]
[11] Flores-Palacios A, Valencia-Díaz S (2007) Local illegal trade reveals unknown diversity and involves a high species richness of wild vascular epiphytes. Biological Conservation, 136, 372-387.
[12] Foshan Orchid Internet Company Limited (2020) Foshan orchid internet company limited. Flowers, (11), 52-53. (in Chinese)
[12] [佛山兰花网络有限公司 (2020) 佛山兰花网络有限公司. 花卉, (11), 52-53.]
[13] Gale SW, Kumar P, Hinsley A, Cheuk ML, Gao JY, Liu H, Liu ZL, Williams SJ (2019) Quantifying the trade in wild-collected ornamental orchids in South China: Diversity, volume and value gradients underscore the primacy of supply. Biological Conservation, 238, 108204.
[14] Hinsley A, de Boer HJ, Fay MF, Gale SW, Gardiner LM, Gunasekara RS, Kumar P, Masters S, Metusala D, Roberts DL, Veldman S, Wong S, Phelps J (2018) A review of the trade in orchids and its implications for conservation. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 186, 435-455.
[15] Jin XH, Li JW, Ye DP (2019) Atlas of Native Orchids in China. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou. (in Chinese)
[15] [ 金效华, 李剑武, 叶德平 (2019) 中国野生兰科植物原色图鉴. 河南科学技术出版社, 郑州.]
[16] Krigas N, Menteli V, Vokou D (2014) The electronic trade in Greek endemic plants: Biodiversity, commercial and legal aspects. Economic Botany, 68, 85-95.
[17] Liu H, Luo YB, Heinen J, Bhat M, Liu ZJ (2014) Eat your orchid and have it too: A potentially new conservation formula for Chinese epiphytic medicinal orchids. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23, 1215-1228.
[18] Liu Q, Chen J, Corlett RT, Fan XL, Yu DL, Yang HP, Gao JY (2015) Orchid conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of southwestern China. Conservation Biology, 29, 1563-1572.
[19] Luo YB, Jia JS, Wang CL (2003) A general review of the conservation status of Chinese orchids. Biodiversity Science, 11, 70-77. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] [ 罗毅波, 贾建生, 王春玲 (2003) 中国兰科植物保育的现状和展望. 生物多样性, 11, 70-77.]
[20] National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2017) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wild Plants. (in Chinese)
[20] [国家林业和草原局(2017) 中华人民共和国野生植物保护条例.] http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/3950/content-459881.html. (accessed on 2021-09-10)
[21] National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2021) The Announcement of National Forestry and Grassland Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural (No. 15, 2021) List of National Key Protected Wild Plants. (in Chinese)
[21] [国家林业和草原局 (2021) 国家林业和草原局农业农村部公告(2021年第15号)国家重点保护野生植物名录.] http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/5461/20210908/162515850572900.html. (accessed on 2021-09-10)
[22] Nijman V, Shepherd CR (2010) The role of Asia in the global trade in CITES II-listed poison arrow frogs: Hopping from Kazakhstan to Lebanon to Thailand and beyond. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 1963-1970.
[23] Phelps J, Webb EL (2015) “Invisible” wildlife trades: Southeast Asia’s undocumented illegal trade in wild ornamental plants. Biological Conservation, 186, 296-305.
[24] Phillips RD, Reiter N, Peakall R (2020) Orchid conservation: From theory to practice. Annals of Botany, 126, 345-362.
[25] Qin HN, Yang Y, Dong SY, He Q, Jia Y, Zhao LN, Yu SX, Liu HY, Liu B, Yan YH, Xiang JY, Xia NH, Peng H, Li ZY, Zhang ZX, He XJ, Yin LK, Lin YL, Liu QR, Hou YT, Liu Y, Liu QX, Cao W, Li JQ, Chen SL, Jin XH, Gao TG, Chen WL, Ma HY, Geng YY, Jin XF, Chang CY, Jiang H, Cai L, Zang CX, Wu JY, Ye JF, Lai YJ, Liu B, Lin QW, Xue NX (2017) Threatened Species List of China’s Higher Plants. Biodiversity Science, 25, 696-744. (in Chinese and in English)
[25] [ 覃海宁, 杨永, 董仕勇, 何强, 贾渝, 赵莉娜, 于胜祥, 刘慧圆, 刘博, 严岳鸿, 向建英, 夏念和, 彭华, 李振宇, 张志翔, 何兴金, 尹林克, 林余霖, 刘全儒, 侯元同, 刘演, 刘启新, 曹伟, 李建强, 陈世龙, 金效华, 高天刚, 陈文俐, 马海英, 耿玉英, 金孝锋, 常朝阳, 蒋宏, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 武建勇, 叶建飞, 赖阳均, 刘冰, 林秦文, 薛纳新 (2017) 中国高等植物受威胁物种名录. 生物多样性, 25, 696-744.]
[26] Smith SE, Read DJ (2008) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 3rd edn. Academic Press, London.
[27] Song YQ, Liu ZL, Willian S, Gao JY (2017) Characteristics of the orchid trade at public markets and implications for conservation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Biodiver-sity Science, 25, 531-539. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] [ 宋亚琼, 刘芝龙, Willian S, 高江云 (2017) 西双版纳兰科植物集市贸易特点和保护启示. 生物多样性, 25, 531-539.]
[28] Species 2000 (2021) A Statistical Map of Distributed Orchids in China. http://www.sp2000.org.cn/statistics/statistics_map. (accessed on 2021-02-17)
[29] Subedi A, Kunwar B, Choi Y, Dai YT, van Andel T, Chaudhary RP, de Boer HJ, Gravendeel B (2013) Collection and trade of wild-harvested orchids in Nepal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 9, 64.
[30] Swarts ND, Dixon KW (2009) Terrestrial orchid conservation in the age of extinction. Annals of Botany, 104, 543-556.
[31] The Environmental Protection Department of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (2013) China Biodiversity Red List-Higher Plants Volume. (in Chinese)
[31] [环境保护部, 中国科学院 (2013) 中国生物多样性红色名录--高等植物卷.]http//www.iplant.cn/rep/protlist/4. (accessed on 2020 -10-25)
[32] Wang S, Xie Y (2004) China Species Red List (Vol.1):Red List. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[32] [ 汪松, 解焱 (2004) 中国物种红色名录(第一卷):红色名录. 高等教育出版社, 北京.]
[33] Wong S, Liu H (2019) Wild-orchid trade in a Chinese E-commerce market. Economic Botany, 73, 357-374.
[34] Xu ZH, Jiang H, Ye DP, Liu ED (2010) Wild Orchids in Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese)
[34] [ 徐志辉, 蒋宏, 叶德平, 刘恩德 (2010) 云南野生兰花. 云南科技出版社, 昆明.]
[35] Yeung EC (2017) A perspective on orchid seed and protocorm development. Botanical Studies, 58, 33.
[36] Yin F, Meng M, Jing K, Xu L, Liu DZ (2015) A survey on illegal wildlife and products trade in Yunnan Province and neighboring border area. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 51, 388-392. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36] [ 尹峰, 梦梦, 敬凯, 徐玲, 刘定震 (2015) 云南及边境地区野生动物及其制品非法贸易调查. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 51, 388-392.]
[37] Zeng Y, Ping XG, Wei FW (2020) A conceptual framework and definitions for the term “wild animal”. Biodiversity Science, 28, 541-549. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37] [ 曾岩, 平晓鸽, 魏辅文 (2020) “野生动物”的概念框架和术语定义. 生物多样性, 28, 541-549.]
[38] Zhang YB, Du HD, Jin XH, Ma KP (2015) Species diversity and geographic distribution of wild Orchidaceae in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 60, 179-188. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38] [张殷波, 杜昊东, 金效华, 马克平 (2015) 中国野生兰科植物物种多样性与地理分布. 科学通报, 60, 179-188.]
[39] Zhou XX, Cheng ZQ, Liu QX, Zhang JL, Hu AQ, Huang MZ, Hu C, Tian HZ (2016) An updated checklist of Orchidaceae for China, with two new national records. Phytotaxa, 276, 1-148.
[40] Zhou ZH, Jiang ZG (2004) Definition and extension of the concepts “wildlife”, “wild fauna and flora” and “wild origin”. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 302-307. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[40] [ 周志华, 蒋志刚 (2004) 野生生物、野生动植物和野生来源的定义及范畴. 生态学报, 24, 302-307.]
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

备案号：京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2026 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编：100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn