为了调查四川白河国家级自然保护区及其周边区域兽类及鸟类多样性, 2018年11月至2019年9月, 我们利用GIS将调查区域划分成1 km × 1 km的网格, 并布设了110台红外相机, 每3-6个月回收一次数据。累计获得19,748个相机工作日, 采集可辨别鸟兽照片和视频55,858份, 独立有效探测6,856次, 共记录到野生兽类4目12科17种, 鸟类5目12科33种。其中, 国家I级重点保护野生动物5种, 即川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)、林麝(Moschus berezovskii)、四川羚牛(Budorcas tibetanus)、红喉雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)和绿尾虹雉(Lophophorus lhuysii); 国家II级重点保护野生动物有黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)和中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)等15种, 合计占野生物种总数的40.0%; 被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的2种, 易危(VU)的5种, 近危(NT)的2种, 合计占野生物种总数的18.0%; 被《中国脊椎动物红色名录》评估为极危(CR)的1种, 濒危(EN)的1种, 易危(VU)的8种, 近危(NT)的9种, 合计占野生物种总数的38.0%。相对多度指数较高的前5种兽类为毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和川金丝猴, 相对多度指数较高的前5种鸟类为红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)和橙翅噪鹛(Trochalopteron elliotii)。本调查为白河国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性研究提供了基础数据, 为后续保护区的保护和管理工作提供了支持。

Aims: We aim to investigate the diversity and abundance of large mammals and birds in Baihe National Nature Reserve and surrounding areas in Sichuan Province.

Methods: We divided the reserve into 1 km × 1 km grids using the Geographical Information System. We selected 110 grids according to habitat type and placed one camera-trapping per grid. We collected data from camera-trappings every 3-6 months from November 2018 to September 2019.

Results: The surveys produced a total of 19,748 camera-days of data, including 55,858 pictures and videos, and 6,856 independent detections. We recorded 17 mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 12 families, as well as 33 bird species belonging to 5 orders and 12 families. Among the detected species, 5 species are listed as first-class National Protected Wildlife (Rhinopithecus roxellana, Moschus berezovskii, Budorcas tibetanus, Tetraophasis obscurus, and Lophophorus lhuysii), and 15 species are listed as second-class National Protected Wildlife (including Ursus thibetanus,Martes flavigula,Naemorhedus griseus, and others). Combined, these species accounted for 40.0% of the total recorded species. Two species are listed as Endangered (EN), five as Vulnerable (VU), and two as Near Threatened (NT) according to the IUCN Red List, together accounting for 18.0% of the total recorded species. Moreover, Moschus berezovskii is also listed as Critically Endangered in the Red List of China’s Vertebrates. The five mammals with the highest relative abundance index wereElaphodus cephalophus, Arctonyx collaris, Sciurotamias davidianus, Sus scrofa, and Rhinopithecus roxellana. The five birds with the highest relative abundance index were Tragopan temminckii, Urocissa erythrorhyncha, Myophonus caeruleus, Pucrasia macrolopha, and Trochalopteron elliotii.

Conclusion: Our results show that the Baihe National Nature Reserve has high species diversity and many rare and endangered species. As the main protected species, the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey is abundant and widely distributed in the reserve. In addition, we detected some human and livestock disturbance in the reserve. We suggest that to preserve the high diversity and abundance of important mammal and bird species that the protected area should strengthen management and increase public awareness of the reserve.