海南尖峰岭国家级自然保护区森林动态监测样地鸟类和兽类多样性
收稿日期: 2020-08-31
录用日期: 2020-12-29
网络出版日期: 2021-01-11
Camera-trapping survey on mammals and birds in a forest dynamics plot in Hainan Jianfengling National Nature Reserve
Received date: 2020-08-31
Accepted date: 2020-12-29
Online published: 2021-01-11
2016年8月至2019年2月, 我们利用红外相机对海南尖峰岭60 ha森林动态监测样地的鸟类和兽类进行了调查。共在79个位点上布设了红外相机, 累积27,848个相机日, 获得可鉴定到物种的独立有效照片15,320张。经鉴定, 共拍摄到46种野生动物, 包括16种兽类(隶属于6目11科)和30种鸟类(隶属于8目16科)。其中, 属于国家I级重点保护的野生动物有3种, 即海南孔雀雉(Polyplectron katsumatae)、海南山鹧鸪(Arborophila ardens)和中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla), 属于国家II级重点保护的野生动物有6种, 分别是猕猴(Macaca mulatta)、巨松鼠(Ratufa bicolor)、红原鸡(Gallus gallus)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)和蓝背八色鸫(Pitta soror)。拍摄率最高的前5种兽类依次是帚尾豪猪(Atherurus macrourus)、红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)、白腹巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)和赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis);前5种鸟类依次是白鹇、海南孔雀雉、蓝背八色鸫、海南山鹧鸪和栗颊噪鹛(Garrulax castanotis)。本研究补充调查了海南尖峰岭国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类的多样性, 与之前的基线调查对比分析了大样地内野生动物物种及其相对多度的动态变化, 可为保护区生物多样性监测方案设计和保护对策的制定提供科学依据。
莫锦华 , 姬云瑞 , 许涵 , 李迪强 , 刘芳 . 海南尖峰岭国家级自然保护区森林动态监测样地鸟类和兽类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2021 , 29(6) : 819 -824 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020350
Aim: To investigate changes of animal diversity and abundance, we set up camera traps in 79 plots in a 60 ha forest dynamics plot of Hainan Jianfengling National Nature Reserve from August 2016 to February 2019.
Methods: The 60 ha forest dynamics plot was divided into 10,000-m2blocks. In each block, we choose a 400-m2plot where animal movement was expected across 79 plots.
Results: A total of 27,848 camera-trapping days were accumulated and 15,320 independent images were obtained. We identified 46 species from camera trap images, including 16 mammal species belonging to 6 orders and 11 families, and 30 bird species belonging to 8 orders and 16 families. Polyplectron katsumatae, Arborophila ardens, Manis pentadactyla were listed as Class I National Protected Wildlife of China, and Macaca mulatta, Ratufa bicolor, Gallus gallus, Lophura nycthemera, Accipiter virgatus, Pitta soror were listed as Class II. The top five mammal species with the highest photographic rate from high to low were Atherurus macrourus, Dremomys pyrrhomerus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Callosciurus erythraeusandMuntiacus vaginalis. The top five bird species with the highest photographic rate from high to low were Lophura nycthemera, Polyplectron katsumatae, Pitta soror, Arborophila ardensand Garrulax castanotis.
Conclusions: Hainan Jianfengling National Nature Reserve is an important habitat for many rare, endangered species, and endemic species. However, comparisons between survey results and historical data suggests that carnivores may be extirpated from this area. Therefore, we suggest the reserve continuously monitor change of wildlife diversities and abundance in Hainan Jianfengling National Nature Reserve.
Key words： mammals; birds; species diversity; environments; camera-trapping survey
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