生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 830-839. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017108
收稿日期:
2017-03-31
接受日期:
2017-04-15
出版日期:
2017-08-20
发布日期:
2017-08-31
通讯作者:
严云志
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者 Co-first authors
基金资助:
Qianting Bu, Xian Li, Ren Zhu, Ling Chu, Yunzhi Yan*()
Received:
2017-03-31
Accepted:
2017-04-15
Online:
2017-08-20
Published:
2017-08-31
Contact:
Yan Yunzhi
摘要:
确定溪流鱼类多样性对环境变化和人类干扰的响应, 可为溪流生态系统及鱼类多样性的保护和管理提供科学基础。本文基于对安徽省青弋江流域上游的4条一级河源溪流中39个低头坝、78个调查样点(针对每个低头坝所处河段, 分别设置坝上蓄水区(impounding area)和坝下非蓄水区(free-flowing area)各1个调查样点)的调查数据, 研究了低头坝对局域栖息地和鱼类群落同质化的驱动作用。共采集鱼类27种, 隶属5目10科, 其中蓄水区和非蓄水区的物种分别为23种和27种。主坐标分析和主坐标典范分析结果显示, 蓄水区与非蓄水区间的局域栖息地存在显著差异, 同非蓄水区相比, 蓄水区的底质粗糙度和异质性较小但水深和水宽较大; 置换多元分散分析结果显示, 蓄水区局域栖息地特征的空间变异显著低于非蓄水区, 呈现出明显的同质化现象。以非蓄水区为对照, 蓄水区鱼类群落的相似性在研究的4条溪流、2个不同季度呈现出相似的变化趋势, 即: 一些鱼类群落间的相似性上升但另外一些群落间的相似性下降, 且其相似性变化大小(ΔCSJ)与初始相似性显著负相关; 当初始相似性较低时, ΔCSJ > 0; 当初始相似性较高时, ΔCSJ < 0。本研究表明, 低头坝导致了坝上蓄水区局域栖息地特征空间变异的下降, 呈现出明显的栖息地同质化; 但蓄水区鱼类群落同时存在同质化和异质化2个过程, 群落间初始相似性大小决定了其同质化或异质化: 初始相似性较低呈同质化、较高则异质化。
卜倩婷, 李献, 朱仁, 储玲, 严云志 (2017) 低头坝驱动山区溪流局域栖息地和鱼类群落的同质化. 生物多样性, 25, 830-839. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017108.
Qianting Bu, Xian Li, Ren Zhu, Ling Chu, Yunzhi Yan (2017) Low-head dams driving the homogenization of local habitat and fish assemblages in upland streams of the Qingyi River. Biodiversity Science, 25, 830-839. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017108.
图1 青弋江河源溪流所调查的低头坝位点示意图。黑色长柱形代表调查的低头坝。
Fig. 1 Locations of low-head dams surveyed in the headwater streams of the Qingyi River. Black pillars represent the low-head dams surveyed in this study.
种 Species | 出现频次 Frequency of occurrence | 相对多度 Relative abundance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
蓄水区 Impounding | 非蓄水区 Free-flowing | 蓄水区 Impounding | 非蓄水区 Free-flowing | |
鲤形目 Cypriniformes | ||||
鳅科 Cobitidae | ||||
中华花鳅 Cobitis sinensis | 8.97 | 15.38 | 0.94 | 0.64 |
稀有花鳅 C. rarus | 7.69 | 12.82 | 1.06 | 1.07 |
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | 38.45 | 29.49 | 1.71 | 0.80 |
爬鳅科 Balitoridae | ||||
原缨口鳅 Vanmanenia stenosoma | 11.54 | 26.92 | 0.67 | 0.60 |
鲤科 Cyprinidae | ||||
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 91.03 | 97.44 | 49.78 | 50.41 |
中华细鲫 Aphyocypris chinensis | 3.85 | 3.85 | 0.12 | 0.07 |
马口鱼 Opsarrichthys bidens | 23.08 | 19.23 | 1.11 | 0.80 |
尖头鱥 Phoxinus oxycephalus | 5.12 | 3.85 | 1.19 | 0.12 |
光唇鱼 Acrossocheilus fasciatus | 16.67 | 28.21 | 1.41 | 1.19 |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 38.46 | 37.18 | 3.86 | 1.53 |
高体鰟鮍 Rhodeus ocellatus | 35.90 | 66.67 | 5.05 | 9.63 |
短须鱊 Acheilognathus barbatulus | 3.84 | 11.54 | 0.07 | 0.62 |
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 34.62 | 53.85 | 2.11 | 2.00 |
小鳈 Sarcocheilichthys parvus | 0.00 | 6.41 | 0.00 | 0.18 |
银鮈 Squalidus argentatus | 11.54 | 21.79 | 0.52 | 0.81 |
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis | 21.79 | 43.59 | 3.54 | 2.49 |
福建小鳔鮈 Microphysogobio fukiensis | 1.28 | 7.69 | 0.02 | 0.81 |
胡鮈 Huigobio chenhsienensis | 0.00 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.76 |
似? Belligobio nummifer | 0.00 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
鲇形目 Siuriformes | ||||
钝头鮠科 Amblycipitidae | ||||
司氏? Liobagrus styani | 3.85 | 10.26 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
鲿科 Bagridae | ||||
切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus | 3.85 | 23.08 | 0.07 | 0.29 |
颌针鱼目 Beloniformes | ||||
怪颌鳉科 Adrianichthyidae | ||||
中华青鳉 Oryzias sinensis | 15.38 | 11.54 | 1.29 | 0.38 |
合鳃鱼目 Synbranchiformes | ||||
合鳃鱼科 Synbranchidae | ||||
黄鳝 Monopterus albus | 0.00 | 3.85 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
刺鳅科 Mastacembelidae | ||||
中华刺鳅 Sinobdella sinensis | 1.28 | 7.69 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
鲈形目 Perciformes | ||||
沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae | ||||
河川沙塘鳢 Odontobutis potamophila | 53.85 | 60.26 | 7.50 | 4.07 |
小黄 ![]() | 6.41 | 1.28 | 0.20 | 0.01 |
虾虎鱼科 Gobiidae | ||||
吻虾虎鱼一种 Rhinogobius sp. | 60.26 | 92.31 | 17.58 | 20.37 |
表1 蓄水区和非蓄水区的鱼类物种组成、出现频次和相对多度
Table 1 Species composition, frequency of occurrence and relative abundance of fishes collected in the impounding and free-flowing segments
种 Species | 出现频次 Frequency of occurrence | 相对多度 Relative abundance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
蓄水区 Impounding | 非蓄水区 Free-flowing | 蓄水区 Impounding | 非蓄水区 Free-flowing | |
鲤形目 Cypriniformes | ||||
鳅科 Cobitidae | ||||
中华花鳅 Cobitis sinensis | 8.97 | 15.38 | 0.94 | 0.64 |
稀有花鳅 C. rarus | 7.69 | 12.82 | 1.06 | 1.07 |
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | 38.45 | 29.49 | 1.71 | 0.80 |
爬鳅科 Balitoridae | ||||
原缨口鳅 Vanmanenia stenosoma | 11.54 | 26.92 | 0.67 | 0.60 |
鲤科 Cyprinidae | ||||
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 91.03 | 97.44 | 49.78 | 50.41 |
中华细鲫 Aphyocypris chinensis | 3.85 | 3.85 | 0.12 | 0.07 |
马口鱼 Opsarrichthys bidens | 23.08 | 19.23 | 1.11 | 0.80 |
尖头鱥 Phoxinus oxycephalus | 5.12 | 3.85 | 1.19 | 0.12 |
光唇鱼 Acrossocheilus fasciatus | 16.67 | 28.21 | 1.41 | 1.19 |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 38.46 | 37.18 | 3.86 | 1.53 |
高体鰟鮍 Rhodeus ocellatus | 35.90 | 66.67 | 5.05 | 9.63 |
短须鱊 Acheilognathus barbatulus | 3.84 | 11.54 | 0.07 | 0.62 |
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 34.62 | 53.85 | 2.11 | 2.00 |
小鳈 Sarcocheilichthys parvus | 0.00 | 6.41 | 0.00 | 0.18 |
银鮈 Squalidus argentatus | 11.54 | 21.79 | 0.52 | 0.81 |
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis | 21.79 | 43.59 | 3.54 | 2.49 |
福建小鳔鮈 Microphysogobio fukiensis | 1.28 | 7.69 | 0.02 | 0.81 |
胡鮈 Huigobio chenhsienensis | 0.00 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.76 |
似? Belligobio nummifer | 0.00 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
鲇形目 Siuriformes | ||||
钝头鮠科 Amblycipitidae | ||||
司氏? Liobagrus styani | 3.85 | 10.26 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
鲿科 Bagridae | ||||
切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus | 3.85 | 23.08 | 0.07 | 0.29 |
颌针鱼目 Beloniformes | ||||
怪颌鳉科 Adrianichthyidae | ||||
中华青鳉 Oryzias sinensis | 15.38 | 11.54 | 1.29 | 0.38 |
合鳃鱼目 Synbranchiformes | ||||
合鳃鱼科 Synbranchidae | ||||
黄鳝 Monopterus albus | 0.00 | 3.85 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
刺鳅科 Mastacembelidae | ||||
中华刺鳅 Sinobdella sinensis | 1.28 | 7.69 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
鲈形目 Perciformes | ||||
沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae | ||||
河川沙塘鳢 Odontobutis potamophila | 53.85 | 60.26 | 7.50 | 4.07 |
小黄 ![]() | 6.41 | 1.28 | 0.20 | 0.01 |
虾虎鱼科 Gobiidae | ||||
吻虾虎鱼一种 Rhinogobius sp. | 60.26 | 92.31 | 17.58 | 20.37 |
图2 蓄水区和非蓄水区局域栖息地的主坐标分析双标图。实心圆圈和空心三角形分别代表蓄水区和非蓄水区; WW、WD、SH和SC分别代表水宽、水深、底质异质性和粗糙度。
Fig. 2 Scatter of sites in habitat PCoA bioplots between impounding and free-flowing segments. Solid circles and open triangles represented impounding and free-flowing segments, respectively. WW, WD, SH and SC represented water width, water depth, substrate heterogeneity and coarseness, respectively.
栖息地变量 Habitat variables | 7月 July | 11月 November | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
PCoA1 | PCoA2 | PCoA1 | PCoA2 | |
水宽 Water width | -0.66 | -0.34 | -0.51 | 0.12 |
水深 Water depth | -0.58 | -0.23 | -0.80 | -0.32 |
底质粗糙度 Substrate coarseness | 0.41 | -0.70 | 0.22 | -0.90 |
底质异质性 Substrate heterogeneity | 0.14 | -0.56 | 0.09 | -0.36 |
流速 Current velocity | 0.09 | -0.13 | 0.03 | -0.09 |
植被盖度 Canopy | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
溶氧 Dissolved oxygen | -0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 | -0.02 |
水温 Water temperature | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
电导率 Conductivity | -0.16 | -0.22 | -0.19 | -0.05 |
pH值 pH | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.12 | 0.01 |
表2 栖息地因子和PCoA轴的Spearman相关系数
Table 2 Spearman correlations of habitat variables with the two axes of PCoA
栖息地变量 Habitat variables | 7月 July | 11月 November | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
PCoA1 | PCoA2 | PCoA1 | PCoA2 | |
水宽 Water width | -0.66 | -0.34 | -0.51 | 0.12 |
水深 Water depth | -0.58 | -0.23 | -0.80 | -0.32 |
底质粗糙度 Substrate coarseness | 0.41 | -0.70 | 0.22 | -0.90 |
底质异质性 Substrate heterogeneity | 0.14 | -0.56 | 0.09 | -0.36 |
流速 Current velocity | 0.09 | -0.13 | 0.03 | -0.09 |
植被盖度 Canopy | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
溶氧 Dissolved oxygen | -0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 | -0.02 |
水温 Water temperature | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
电导率 Conductivity | -0.16 | -0.22 | -0.19 | -0.05 |
pH值 pH | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.12 | 0.01 |
图3 蓄水区与非蓄水区的鱼类群落相似性变化(ΔCSJ)及其同初始相似性的关系。A和B、C和D、E和F、G和H分别代表4条1级河源溪流; 左图和右图分别代表7月份和11月份。
Fig. 3 Variations in the coefficient of similarity between the fish assemblages in the impounding areas and the free-flowing segments (ΔCSJ) and the relationship between ΔCSJ and the initial similarity. A and B, C and D, E and F, G and H represent the four study streams, respectively; the left and right figures represented that in July and November, respectively.
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