气候假说对内蒙古草原群落物种多样性格局的解释

doi:10.17520/biods.2015011

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 463-470. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015011

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

气候假说对内蒙古草原群落物种多样性格局的解释

刘庆福¹, 刘洋¹, 孙小丽¹, 张雪峰¹, 康萨如拉¹, 丁勇², 张庆^1,^3,,A;^*(), 牛建明^1,^3,,A;^*()

1 (内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 呼和浩特 010021) 2 (中国农业科学院草原研究所, 呼和浩特 010010) 3 (中美生态、能源及可持续性科学内蒙古研究中心, 呼和浩特 010021);

收稿日期:2015-01-14 接受日期:2015-06-12 出版日期:2015-07-20 发布日期:2015-08-03
通讯作者: 张庆,牛建明
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31200414)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB722201)、内蒙古自然基金(2015MS0302)、内蒙古高等学校创新团队计划(NMGIRT1302)及内蒙古大学高层次引进人才项目(125106)

The explanation of climatic hypotheses to community species diversity patterns in Inner Mongolia grasslands

Qingfu Liu¹, Yang Liu¹, Xiaoli Sun¹, Xuefeng Zhang¹, Sarula Kang¹, Yong Ding², Qing Zhang^1,^3,^*(), Jianming Niu^1,^3,^*()

1 School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021
2 Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010
3 Sino-US Center for Conservation, Energy and Sustainability Science in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010021

Received:2015-01-14 Accepted:2015-06-12 Online:2015-07-20 Published:2015-08-03
Contact: Zhang Qing,Niu Jianming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种丰富度的地理格局是宏观生态学和生物地理学的中心议题之一。本文基于内蒙古草原192个野外样地的调查数据, 结合各样地年平均气温、年降水量等9个气候因子, 探讨内蒙古草原物种丰富度格局及其主导因素, 以确定气候假说在该区的适用性。结果表明: (1)内蒙古草原物种丰富度经度格局显著, 呈现沿经度升高而增加的趋势, 同时由于经纬度的共线性, 也呈现出沿纬度升高而增加的趋势。(2)方差分解显示, 能量单独解释率为2.7%, 水分单独解释率为11.4%, 水分和能量共同解释率为46.3%, 未解释部分为39.6%, 可见能量与水分的共同作用在物种丰富度格局形成中占主导地位, 支持水热动态假说。这说明水热动态假说适用于解释内蒙古草原物种丰富度格局。

关键词: 能量因子, 水分因子, 经度, 水热动态假说

Abstract

Understanding spatial pattern of species diversity is central to macroecology and biogeography. Based on species diversity and nine different climatic factors of 192 field sites, we explored geographic patterns of species richness and dominant factors in Inner Mongolia grassland, and further determined applicability of different climatic hypotheses in this area. Results indicated the species richness of the Inner Mongolia grassland exhibited significant longitudinal gradients, which increased from west to east. Meanwhile, because of the collinearity of latitude and longitude within the Inner Mongolia grassland, it also exhibited significant latitudinal gradients. Analysis of variance indicated that only 2.7% and 11.4% of the total variance were explained by energy and moisture factors, respectively, while 46.3% was simultaneously explained by the two groups of factors, 39.6% was explained by other undetermined factors. These results indicate that energy and moisture play a decisive role in the distribution patterns of species richness and support the water-energy dynamic hypothesis. We find the water-energy dynamic hypothesis is best suited for the Inner Mongolia grassland.

Key words: energy factors, moisture factors, longitude, water-energy dynamic hypothesis

刘庆福, 刘洋, 孙小丽, 张雪峰, 康萨如拉, 丁勇, 张庆, 牛建明 (2015) 气候假说对内蒙古草原群落物种多样性格局的解释. 生物多样性, 23, 463-470. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015011.

Qingfu Liu, Yang Liu, Xiaoli Sun, Xuefeng Zhang, Sarula Kang, Yong Ding, Qing Zhang, Jianming Niu (2015) The explanation of climatic hypotheses to community species diversity patterns in Inner Mongolia grasslands. Biodiversity Science, 23, 463-470. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015011.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015011

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I4/463

图/表 6

图1 内蒙古草原调查样地分布图

Fig. 1 Distribution of field sites in Inner Mongolia grassland

图2 内蒙古草原物种丰富度随经度(a)和纬度(b)的变化

Fig. 2 Trend of species richness in Inner Mongolia grassland along longitude (a) and latitude (b)

图3 内蒙古草原物种丰富度与气候因子的一元回归分析

Fig. 3 Regression analyses of the relationship between species richness in Inner Mongolia grasslands and climatic factors

表1 能量类与水分类气候因子主成分的特征值和贡献率

Table 1 Eigenvalues and contribution rates of the energy and moisture climate factors

类型 Class	成分 Component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Contribution rate of variance (%)	方差累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate of variance (%)
能量	1	4.126	82.525	82.525
Energy	2	0.749	14.972	97.497
	3	0.100	2.006	99.502
	4	0.024	0.470	99.973
	5	0.001	0.027	100.000
水分	1	2.831	94.363	94.363
Moisture	2	0.168	5.588	99.951
	3	0.001	0.049	100.000

表2 能量类与水分类气候因子的主成分矩阵

Table 2 Matrix of principal components of energy and moisture climate factors

能量因子 Energy factors	成分 Component
能量因子 Energy factors	1	2		3	4		5
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm)	0.864	-0.451		0.220	-0.039		-0.001
年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C)	0.989	-0.095		-0.095	0.051		-0.027
最暖月平均气温 Mean temperature of warmest month (WMT, °C)	0.832	0.536		0.127	0.074		0.009
最冷月平均气温 Mean temperature of coldest month (CMT, °C)	0.932	-0.328		-0.148	0.028		0.023
温暖指数 Warmth index (WI)	0.917	0.376		-0.070	-0.115		-0.001
水分因子 Moisture factors	成分 Component
水分因子 Moisture factors	1		2			3
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm)	0.350		-0.791			-19.410
最湿润季降水量 Precipitation of wettest quarter (PWQ, mm)	0.347		-1.133			17.474
最干燥季降水量 Precipitation of driest quarter (PDQ, mm)	0.333		2.014			2.211

图4 能量类和水分类气候因子对内蒙古草原物种丰富度格局的解释。a为能量因子单独解释率, b为能量因子与水分因子共同解释率, c为水分因子单独解释率, d为未解释部分。

Fig. 4 The explanation of energy and moisture climate factors to species diversity patterns in Inner Mongolia grassland. a is the independent component attributed to energy factors, b is the covarying component of energy factors and moisture factors, c is the independent component attributed to moisture factors, d is residual deviance.

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气候假说对内蒙古草原群落物种多样性格局的解释

The explanation of climatic hypotheses to community species diversity patterns in Inner Mongolia grasslands

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