AbstractStudies on the microflora around The Great Wall Station was carrid out during the 1992~1993 summer time of Antarctica.A lot of soil samples were collected.From them 25 samples were choosed for futher microbial analysis because of that they represent different ecological types.It was found that the numbers of bacteria and fungi are 10²~10⁶ and 0~10⁴ per gram of wet soil,respectively,when the samples were cultured at 25℃.But the numbers reached 10³~10⁶ and 10³~10⁴ per gram of wet soil,resprectively,when they were cultured at 0℃ .It is very intresting that microbial mass is higher at low temperature than at the high temperature.The amount of hydrocarbon oxidating bacteria in samples from the area of 0.4 Km wide and 1 Km long around The Great Wall Station was also inverstigated.The results showed that the amount of hydrocarbon oxidating bcateria were less in soils sampled far away from The Great Wall Staton.