AbstractPriority setting for biodiversity conservation is a major concern for funding agencies and conservationists. Hot spot analysis and GAP analysis are two kinds of methods for priority setting. Hot spot analysis attempts to protect maximum biodiversity under limited funding supports based on species richness and endemism. GAP analysis was developed as a coarse-filter approach to protect biodiversity , provided an overview of the distribution of terrestrial vertebrates and land cover types , relative to special management areas and land ownership . GAP analysis seeks to identify“gaps”(i.e., vegetation types or species not adequately represented in areas managed for long- term maintenance or natural system) that may be filled through changes in land management practices. This concepts , assumptions , basic steps and applications of hot spot analysis and GAP analysis were discussed in this paper.