光照、温度和pH值对小黑桫椤孢子萌发及早期配子体发育的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08262

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 182-187. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08262 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2009.08262

光照、温度和pH值对小黑桫椤孢子萌发及早期配子体发育的影响

杜红红¹^,², 李杨², 李东², 戴绍军¹, 姜闯道², 石雷²^,^*()

1 东北林业大学林木遗传育种与生物技术教育部重点实验室, 东北林业大学生命科学学院, 哈尔滨 150040
2 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2008-10-15 接受日期:2009-02-13 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20
通讯作者: 石雷
作者简介:* E-mail: shilei67@263.net
基金资助:
中国科学院重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-414);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2007AA021405);国家科技部平台项目(2005DKA21006);中国科学院战略生物资源技术支撑体系专项(CZBZX-1)

Effects of light, temperature and pH on spore germination and early gametophytic development of Alsophila metteniana

Honghong Du¹^,², Yang Li², Dong Li², Shaojun Dai¹, Chuangdao Jiang², Lei Shi²^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Forestry Tree Genetics Improvement, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
2 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2008-10-15 Accepted:2009-02-13 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20
Contact: Lei Shi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小黑桫椤(Alsophila metteniana)被列为我国国家二级保护植物。为探讨其种群数量下降原因, 作者采用无菌培养方法和显微观察技术, 在实验条件下研究了光照强度、光质、温度和pH值对小黑桫椤孢子萌发及早期配子体发育的影响。结果表明: 孢子萌发和配子体发育的最适光照强度为40-70 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, 全黑暗时孢子不萌发;白光、红光、黄光和蓝光下的萌发率分别为68.78%、65.66%、63.74%和7.51%; 白光和蓝光下配子体可以形成正常的心形原叶体, 红光和黄光下配子体发育一直处于丝状体阶段。孢子萌发和配子体发育需要在酸性土壤进行(pH值在3.7-6.7); 孢子萌发的适宜温度为20-30℃。从孢子接种到心形原叶体形成需要55 d左右。根据上述结果, 我们认为光照强度是小黑桫椤孢子萌发的必需条件, 光质是限制小黑桫椤孢子繁殖的重要原因; 光质、温度和pH值等环境因子的作用和配子体发育时间等是导致小黑桫椤种群数量日趋减少的主要原因。

关键词: Alsophila metteniana, 光质, 孢子萌发, 配子体发育

Abstract

Alsophila metteniana is a wild species under second class state protection in China. To explore possible reasons for population declines, we collected spores of A. metteniana from Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province and experimentally cultured them in sterile conditions. We determined the effects of light intensity and quality, temperature, and pH on spore germination rates and early gametophytic development. The optimal light intensity for spore germination and early gametophytic development was 40-70 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, while spore germination was completely prohibited in darkness. Under the different light spectra tested, viz. white, red, yellow and blue light, spore germination percentages were 68.78%, 65.66%, 63.74% and 7.51%, respectively. When growing under white and blue light, gametophytes developed into normal cordate-shaped prothallus. When growing under red and yellow light, however, gametophytes developed into uniseriate filaments consisting of mostly elongated cells. For spore germination and gametophytic development, the optimal temperature is from 20℃ to 30℃, the suitable pH is from 3.7 to 6.7. The mature prothallus appeared 55 days after spore sowing. We conclude that light intensity was not a major but necessary factor for germination and development of A. metteniana spores, and light quality may be an important factor limiting spore reproduction. In conclusion, long period of gametophytic development and habitat factors such as light quality, temperature, pH may contribute to declines of wild populations.

Key words: Alsophila metteniana, light quality, spore germination, gametophytic development

杜红红, 李杨, 李东, 戴绍军, 姜闯道, 石雷 (2009) 光照、温度和pH值对小黑桫椤孢子萌发及早期配子体发育的影响. 生物多样性, 17, 182-187. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08262.

Honghong Du, Yang Li, Dong Li, Shaojun Dai, Chuangdao Jiang, Lei Shi (2009) Effects of light, temperature and pH on spore germination and early gametophytic development of Alsophila metteniana. Biodiversity Science, 17, 182-187. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08262.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08262

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I2/182

图/表 5

图1 不同光质对小黑桫椤配子体发育过程的影响。 a-e表示白光下小黑桫椤的配子体发育过程。a: 小黑桫椤孢子萌发, 比例尺=37.5 μm; b: 丝状体阶段, 比例尺=75 μm; c: 片状体初期, 比例尺=75 μm; d: 片状体后期, 比例尺=75 μm; e: 心形原叶体, 比例尺=75 μm。 f-i表示红光和黄光下小黑桫椤的配子体发育过程。f, g: 小黑桫椤孢子萌发, 比例尺=37.5 μm; h, I: 丝状体阶段, 比例尺=37.5 μm。 j-m表示蓝光下小黑桫椤的配子体发育过程。j: 小黑桫椤孢子萌发, 比例尺=37.5 μm; k: 丝状体阶段, 比例尺=75 μm; l: 片状体阶段, 比例尺=75 μm; m: 心形原叶体, 比例尺=75 μm。

Fig. 1 The gametophytic development of Alsophila metteniana. a-e under white light. a, Germination, Scale bar=37.5 μm; b, Filament, Scale bar=75 μm; c, Young prothallial plate, Scale bar=75 μm; d, Mature prothallial plate, Scale bar=75 μm; e, Cordate-thalloid prothallus, Scale bar=75 μm. f-i under red and yellow light. f and g, Germination, Scale bar=37.5 μm; h and I, Filament, Scale bar=37.5 μm. j-m under blue light. j, Germination, Scale bar=37.5 μm; k, Filament, Scale bar=75 μm; l, Prothallial plate, Scale bar=75 μm; m, Cordate-thalloid prothallus, Scale bar=75 μm.

表1 光照强度对小黑桫椤孢子萌发和早期配子体发育的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Influence of light intensity on spore germination and early gametophytic development in Alsophila metteniana (mean ± SE, n=5)

光照强度 Light intensity (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	萌发率 Germination (％)	萌发时间 Time to germination (d)	丝状体出现时间 Time of protonema appeared (d)	片状体出现时间 Time of prothallial appeared (d)	原叶体出现时间 Time of prothallus appeared (d)
20	55.25± 6.79^a	15.2±0.37^b	25.2±0.37^c	31.2±0.37^c	56.2±0.37^c
30	68.09±1.48^bc	14.8±0.2^ab	25.0±0.44^bc	31.0±0.31^bc	55.8±0.2^bc
40	76.64±4.62^cd	14.6±0.4^ab	24.6±0.4^abc	30.6±0.4^abc	55.6±0.4^abc
50	80.45±1.97^d	13.6±0.24^a	23.6±0.24^ab	29.4±0.24^a	54.4±0.24^a
60	78.01±3.63^cd	14.0±0.31^ab	24.0±0.31^abc	29.4±0.24^a	54.4±0.24^a
70	75.77±3.03^cd	13.8±0.2a	23.4±0.24^a	29.8±0.2^ab	54.4±0.24^a
80	62.38±1.35^ab	13.6±0.24^a	23.6±0.24^ab	29.8±0.2^ab	54.8±0.2^ab
100	60.44±2.36^ab	13.8±0.2^a	23.8±0.37^abc	30.0±0.31^abc	55.0±0.31^abc

表2 光质对小黑桫椤孢子萌发和早期配子体发育的影响(平均值 ± 标准差)

Table 2 Influence of light quality on spore germination and early gametophytic development in Alsophila metteniana (mean ± SE, n=5)

光质 Light quality	萌发率 Germination (%)	萌发时间 Time to germination (d)	丝状体出现时间 Time of protonema appeared (d)	片状体出现时间 Time of prothallial appeared (d)	原叶体出现时间 Time of prothallus appeared (d)
白光 White light	68.78±1.81^b	15.2±0.37^b	23.0±0.44^b	31.2±0.37^a	56.2±0.37^a
红光 Red light	65.66±4.04^b	12.4±0.24^a	19.0±0.31^a	—	—
黄光 Yellow light	63.74±3.06^b	12.6±0.24^a	19.6±0.24^a	—	—
蓝光 Blue light	7.51±0.44^a	20.6±0.24^c	26.2±0.2^c	34.2±0.37^b	57.2±0.2^b

表3 温度对小黑桫椤孢子萌发和早期配子体发育的影响(平均值 ± 标准差)

Table 3 Influence of temperature on spore germination and early gametophytic development in Alsophila metteniana (mean ± SE, n=5)

温度 Temperature (℃)	萌发率 Germination (%)	萌发时间 Time to germination (d)	丝状体出现时间 Time of protonema appeared (d)	片状体出现时间 Time of prothallial appeared (d)	原叶体出现时间 Time of prothallus appeared (d)
15	46.17±3.66^a	39.6±0.5^c	57.2±0.37^c	—	—
20	67.26±1.64^b	23.2±0.37^b	37.2±0.48^b	47.6±0.51^b	70.6±0.51^b
25	68.78±1.81^b	15.2±0.37^a	25.8±0.37^a	32.2±0.37^a	55.4±0.37^a
30	72.37±3.22^b	14.2±0.37^a	24.8±0.37^a	31.8±0.37^a	54.8±0.37^a

图2 pH值对小黑桫椤孢子萌发的影响(平均值±标准差)

Fig. 2 Influence of pH on spore germination in Alsophila metteniana (mean ± SE, n=5)

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光照、温度和pH值对小黑桫椤孢子萌发及早期配子体发育的影响

Effects of light, temperature and pH on spore germination and early gametophytic development of Alsophila metteniana

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