The origin of Chinese  cattle is very complex .There  are genetic  diversity    in  coat  color, body  states, karyotype,blood  protein  loci  of  Chinese cattle  breeds. The average heterozygosities of  6 coat color  loci and  6  blood protein loci  are 0.3144 and 0.4873 respectively in Chinese native cattle population ,   which  indicated  there is rich genetic diversity in Chinese native cattle population. The coefficient of gene differentiations of  6 coat color loci and  6 blood protein loci are 0.3404 and 0.095 respectively  in Chinese native cattle population ,which showed  34.04%  of  the  total  genetic variation  in coat color and  9.5% of the total genetic variation in  blood  protein  loci  are  caused  by  genetic  difference among breeds.  Most  of  the genetic diversity in Chinese cattle come from within every   breed. Conservation of  Chinese cattle genetic diversity must be  considered of not only the genetic diversity  conservation of the total  Chinese cattle population but also that of every cattle breed.