Review
Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness
- 1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2. Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Received date: 2024-05-27
Accepted date: 2024-06-21
Online published: 2024-07-16
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0124300);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301344)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Ecological uniqueness is a key component of β diversity, primarily quantifying the relative contribution of each sampling site to the total variation in community composition. This concept is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Over the past decade, ecological uniqueness has received substantial attention from ecologists and conservation biologists, leading to significant advancements in its quantifications, spatiotemporal patterns, driving mechanisms, ecological functions, and applications in biodiversity conservation. We first summarized the main methods for calculating ecological uniqueness, we then conducted a systematic review of literatures on taxonomic ecological uniqueness from 2013 to 2023. Furthermore, we elaborated on its spatiotemporal patterns and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we explored the potential impact of ecological uniqueness on ecosystem functioning and its implications for biodiversity conservation.
Review Results: Ecological uniqueness can primarily be calculated using community composition datasets or dissimilarity matrices. Studies on ecological uniqueness are predominantly concentrated in Europe, America, and Asia, focusing mainly on animal and plant groups. Moreover, the literature reviews several key findings: (1) Ecological uniqueness exhibits clear latitudinal or elevational gradients, though these patterns differences among different biological groups and study regions. (2) Multiple abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, soil, and community characteristics, significantly shape the ecological uniqueness of different biological groups by influencing species range size, community richness and species compositions. (3) Ecological uniqueness can promote or decrease ecosystem functioning, depending on combinations of species or the proportions of specific groups present. (4) Regions with higher ecological uniqueness often harbor a higher proportion of rare or endangered species, contributing significantly to regional biodiversity. These regions are typically considered as key areas for biodiversity conservation.
Perspectives: This review also discusses the directions of future research on ecological uniqueness, with particular emphasis on: (1) Conducting in-depth researches on multidimensional (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) ecological uniqueness; (2) Focusing on the patterns and driving mechanisms of ecological uniqueness across different spatiotemporal scales; (3) Applying new technologies and methods for future assessment of ecological uniqueness.
Cite this article
Yue Chen , Zikun Mao , Xugao Wang . Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2024 , 32(12) : 24199 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024199
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