二裂墨角藻谱系多样性模式显示纽芬兰大浅滩存在一个海洋冰期避难所

张彤云, 胡自民

The brown macroalga Fucus distichus revisited: Phylogeographic insights into a marine glacial refugium in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada

Tongyun Zhang, Zimin Hu

图1 二裂墨角藻简况。(a)二裂墨角藻外部形态及栖息地(加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华)。(b)二裂墨角藻在泛北极地区的大致扩散历史。深紫色和绿色箭头显示二裂墨角藻北太平洋祖先在末次冰盛期两次跨北极侵入到北大西洋。挪威北部(绿色圆点)和加拿大纽芬兰(深紫色圆点)为北大西洋东西两岸的冰期避难所, 在此存留的祖先种群约在1.2万年前发生跨地区扩散形成现今分布格局。Ma: 百万年前; ka: 千年前。(c)纽芬兰大浅滩二裂墨角藻种群采样地点, 其中蓝线区域为大浅滩的大致范围。

Fig. 1 The brief description of the brown alga Fucus distichus. (a) The morphology and habitat of F. distichus (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada); (b) The general dispersal history of F. distichus in the Pan-Arctic. The purple and green arrows indicate two separate trans-Arctic migration events of the ancestral F. distichus in the North Pacific into the North Atlantic. The purple and green circles represent two marine glacial refugia during the last glacial maximum on the northeast (northern Norway) and northwest (Newfoundland, Canada) Atlantic, where the survived ancestral populations expanded c. 12 ka to consequently form present-day distribution patterns. Ma, Million years ago; ka, Thousand years ago. (c) Sampling locations of F. distichus from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada.