熊蜂盗蜜的花色偏好及对长距忍冬繁殖适合度的影响

王顺雨, 李杨, 吕晓琴, 李欣, 范权秀, 王晓月

The color preference of bumblebee nectar robbing and its impact on the reproductive fitness of Lonicera calcarata

Wang Shunyu, Li Yang, L‌ü Xiaoqin, Li Xin, Fan Quanxiu, Wang Xiaoyue

图1 长距忍冬的花序、单花以及昆虫的访花行为。A. 长距忍冬枝条白色、黄色和橘红色的花; B. 花蜜距被盗蜜现象(以白色花为例, 红色箭头指向盗洞); C. 花部特征测量方法的示意图(a: 上唇长; b: 上唇宽; c: 下唇长; d: 下唇宽; e: 花开口直径; f: 花筒直径; g: 花筒深; h: 花蜜距长; i: 花蜜距直径; j: 雌蕊长; k: 柱头直径; l: 柱头厚度; m: 雄蕊长; n: 花药长; o: 花药宽; p: 花药厚度; q: 盗洞长; r: 盗洞宽); D. 黑尾熊蜂从花冠开口进入花中吸取花蜜(合法地访花行为); E. 黑尾熊蜂将喙从花蜜距的基部盗洞深入蜜距, 直接盗取花蜜; F. Bombus eximius在合法地访花; G. B. eximius从花蜜距基部盗取花蜜; H. 楚南熊蜂合法地访花; I. 楚南熊蜂从花蜜距基部盗取花蜜; J. 完善绢粉蝶在合法地访花; K. 尺蛾类在合法地访花。

Fig. 1 Inflorescence and single flower of Lonicera calcarata and the visiting behavior of insects. A. White, yellow and orange-red flowers on the branch of L. calcarata; B. Nectar robbing phenomenon (using the white flower as an example, the hole marked with a red arrow); C. Diagram showing the measurement of floral traits (a, Upper lip length; b, Upper lip width; c, Lower lip length; d, Lower lip width; e, Floral opening diameter; f, Floral tube diamete; g, Floral tube depth; h, Nectar spur length; i, Nectar spur diameter; j, Pistil length; k, Stigma diameter; l, Stigma thickness; m, Stamen length; n, Anther length; o, Anther width; p, Anther thickness; q, Robbing hole’ length; r, Robbing hole’s width); D. Bombus melanurus forages the nectar through the corolla opening (legitimate visit); E. B. melanurus inserts its proboscis into the nectar spur’s base to rob nectar; F. B. eximius visits the flowers legitimately; G. B. eximius robs the nectar from the base of the nectar spur; H. B. sonani visits the flowers legitimately; I. B. sonani robs the nectar from the base of the nectar spur; J. Aporia agathon visits the flowers legitimately; K. Moths visits the flowers legitimately.