巴博海马
Barbour’s seahorse | 海草床、珊瑚礁 Seagrass beds and coral reefs | - | 0-10 | - | - | 8.0 | - | 哲水蚤桡足类、甲壳类幼虫等小型甲壳类 Small crustaceans, such as calanoid copepods and decapod larvae |
巴氏海马
Pygmy seahorse | 柳珊瑚(小尖柳珊瑚属种类) Gorgonian corals (Muricella spp.) | 柳珊瑚(小尖柳珊瑚属种类) Gorgonian corals (Muricella spp.) | 15-40 | 全年繁殖
Breeding year-round | - | 1.3 | - | 钩虾、猛水蚤等小型甲壳类
Small crustaceans, such as gammarid amphipods and harpacticoid copepods |
北部湾海马
Beibu Bay seahorse | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
克里蒙氏海马
Coleman’s pygmy seahorse | 粗砂质底及海草床(鳗草、喜盐草)
Coarse sand and seagrass beds (Zostera spp. and Halophilia spp.) | 粗砂粒及藻类丰富浅海区 Shallow waters with coarse sand and seaweeds rich | 0-5 | - | - | - | - | 钩虾、猛水蚤、糠虾等小型甲壳类
Small crustaceans, such as gammarid amphipods, harpacticoid copepods and mysids |
虎尾海马
Tiger tail seahorse | 珊瑚礁、海绵、海藻场、海草床
Coral reefs, sponges, seaweed beds and seagrass beds | | 0-20 | 全年繁殖(菲律宾) Breeding year-round in central Philippines | - | 8.1 | - | - |
冠海马
Crowned seahorse | 海藻场(马尾藻)、海草床(鳗草)
Seaweed beds (Sargassum spp.) and seagrass beds (Zostera spp.) | 近海多海藻区 Nearshore waters with abundant seaweeds | 0-20 | 6-7月繁殖(日本) Breeding season June to July in Japan | 3-5 | 6.0 | - | 钩虾、桡足类等小型甲壳类
Small crustaceans, such as gammarid amphipods and copepods |
丹尼斯海马
Denise’s pygmy seahorse | 柳珊瑚(小尖柳珊瑚属、刺柳珊瑚属等种类) Gorgonian corals (e.g. Muricella spp. and Annella spp.) | 柳珊瑚(刺柳珊瑚属种类*
Gorgonian corals (Annella spp.) | 5-100 | 全年繁殖(印度尼西亚) Breeding year-round in Indonesia | - | 1.1 | - | - |
日本豆丁海马
Japanese pygmy seahorse | 岩礁、软珊瑚、仙掌藻属种类及水螅
Rocky reefs, soft corals, Halimeda spp., and hydroids | 仙掌藻属种类* Halimeda spp. | 0-20* | - | - | - | - | - |
刺海马
Thorny seahorse | 岩礁、海草床、软珊瑚、海绵
Rocky reefs, seagrass beds, soft corals and sponges | 岩礁、海藻场 Rocky reefs and seaweed beds | 5-80 | - | - | 7.9 | - | 猛水蚤、哲水蚤、糠虾等小型甲壳类 Small crustaceans, such as harpacticoid and cyclopoid copepods, and mysids |
| 克氏海马Kellog’s seahorse | 柳珊瑚、海鞭
Gorgonian corals and sea whips | 砂泥海床、具海藻的岩礁、海藻场 Muddy or sandy bottoms, weedy rocky reefs and seaweed beds | 20-150 | - | - | 15.0 | - | 猛水蚤、哲水蚤、钩虾等小型甲壳类 Small crustaceans, such as harpacticoid and cyclopoid copepods, and gammarid amphipods |
库达海马
Spotted
seahorse | 砂泥海床、岩礁、海草床、红树林及河口区 Muddy or sandy bottoms, rocky reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove meadows and estuaries | 砂泥海床、具海
藻的岩礁、海藻场、海草床、珊瑚礁及河口区 Muddy or sandy bottoms, weedy rocky reefs, seagrass beds, seaweed beds, coral reefs and estuaries | 0-70 | 全年繁殖(越南) Breeding year-round in Vietnam | - | 14.0 | 200-1,200 | 小型浮游动物
Small zooplankton |
莫氏海马
Japanese seahorse | 海草床(大叶藻、卵叶喜盐草、泰来草、海菖蒲等)、红树林
Seagrass beds (Zostera spp., Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides) and mangroves | 砂泥海床、海藻场、海草床及河口区Muddy and sandy bottoms, seaweed beds, seagrass beds and estuaries | 0-40** | 7-9月(中国)** July to September in China | - | 5.5 | 10-400 | 枝角类、短尾类等小型甲壳类 Small crustaceans, such as Penilia avirostris and species of Brachyura |
彭氏海马
Pontoh’s pygmy seahorse | 仙掌藻属种类、
软珊瑚、柏状羽螅
Halimeda spp., soft corals and the Aglaophenia cupressina | 仙掌藻属种类、
柏状羽螅 Halimeda spp. and Aglaophenia cupressina | 10-25 | - | - | - | - | - |
花海马
Shiho’s seahorse | 海藻场、海草床、珊瑚 Seaweed beds, seagrass beds and corals | 具海藻场的岩礁 Weedy rocky reefs | 0-20 | - | - | 4.0 | - | - |
棘海马
Hedgehog seahorse | 软珊瑚、海藻场、
海草床、珊瑚礁
Soft corals, seaweed beds, seagrass beds
and coral reefs | 砂泥海床、海藻场、海草床、具海藻的岩礁 Muddy or sandy bottoms, seaweed beds, seagrass beds and weedy rocky reefs | 5-70 | 全年繁殖, 高峰5-10月(越南) Breeding year-round and peaking May to October in Vietnam | - | 10.4 | - | - |
三斑海马
Longnose seahorse | 砾石及砂泥海床、海藻场、软珊瑚 Muddy, sandy or gravel bottoms, seaweed beds and soft corals | 砂泥海床、海藻场、岩礁、红树林及河口区 Muddy or sandy bottoms, seaweed beds, rocky reefs, mangroves and estuaries | 10-100 | 全年繁殖, 高峰3-5月和10月(越南) Breeding year-round and peaking March to May and October in Vietnam | 3 | 14.0 | 300-1,200 | 端足类、磷虾等小型浮游甲壳类 Small crustaceans, such as amphipoda and euphausiid |