城市生物多样性保护: 基于中欧对比视角下的经验借鉴
邓晶, 李艺, 侯一蕾

Urban biodiversity conservation: Experience from the comparative perspective of China and Europe
Jing Deng, Yi Li, Yilei Hou
表1 欧洲城市绿地类型
Table 1 European urban green space types
绿地类型 Type of green space 城市/国家 City/Country 特点 Features
微型森林
Micro forest
乌得勒支/荷兰
Utrecht/The Netherlands
微型森林通常包括20-40个不同的树木和灌木物种, 每1 m2平均种植3棵树苗。Micro forests typically include 20-40 different tree and shrub species, with an average of 3 saplings planted per square meter.
立面花园
Facade garden
阿姆斯特丹/荷兰
Amsterdam/The Netherlands
阿姆斯特丹在建筑立面上种植西番莲、常春藤、爬山虎等半阴攀缘植物, 立面最大宽度不超过60 cm。In Amsterdam, semi-shade climbing plants such as passion fruit, ivy and climbers are planted on the facade of the building, and the maximum width of the facade is no more than 60 cm.
墓地栖息地
Cemetery habitat
柏林/德国
Berlin/Germany
柏林有超过1,100 ha的墓地, 是蝙蝠、鸟类、地衣、苔藓等物种的栖息地; 柏林计划改造发展209 ha墓地, 保护生物多样性。There are more than 1,100 ha of cemeteries in Berlin, which are the habitats of bats, birds, lichens, mosses and other species; Berlin plans to transform and develop 209 ha of cemeteries to protect biodiversity.
生物多样性草地
Biodiversity grasslands
里斯本/葡萄牙
Lisbon/Portugal
里斯本生物多样性草地种植大量禾本科植物以确保更高存活率。目前里斯本已成功改造两个面积分别为2.6 ha、8 ha的生物多样性草地。The Lisbon biodiversity grassland are planted with a large number of gramineous plants to ensure a higher survival rate. Two biodiversity meadows of 2.6 ha and 8 ha have been successfully renovated in Lisbon.