鸟类迁徙对图们江下游湿地声景时间格局的影响

王士政, 孙翊斐, 李珍珍, 舒越, 冯佳伟, 王天明

Effects of bird migration on the temporal patterns of the wetland soundscape in the downstream region of the Tumen River Basin of China

Shizheng Wang, Yifei Sun, Zhenzhen Li, Yue Shu, Jiawei Feng, Tianming Wang

表1 4种声学指数的定义和属性

Table 1 Summary of four acoustic indices definitions and properties

示意图 Schematic diagram 声学指数 Acoustic indices 声景格局 Soundscape pattern 参考文献 References 时频图 Spectrogram 声音复杂度指数(ACI): 音频中相邻时间窗声强的变异性, 值的范围 > 0。Quantifies the sound complexity for estimating the variability of the intensities between time samples within a frequency band. Range = [0, +]. 高值代表高水平的鸟类活动; 低值代表持续性的昆虫噪音。High values represent higher levels of bird activity, while low values represent consistent insect noise. Pieretti et al, 2011 频谱图 Spectrum 生物声学指数(BIO): 声谱图中2-11 kHz范围内超过分贝阈值部分的面积, 值的范围 > 0。Estimates the area under curve of the mean spectrum above a specific decibel (dB) threshold within 2-11 kHz. Range = [0, +]. 高值代表生物声丰富, 大量频段被占据, 最高声和最安静频段差异大; 低值代表在2-11 kHz之间很少有声音。High values represent higher levels of biophonic, in which many frequency bands are occupied, and significant disparity between the loudest and quietest bands; low values represent no sound between 2 and 11 kHz. Boelman et al, 2007 声音均匀度指数(AEI): 表示声信号强度在不同频段的均匀度, 计算Gini系数来表示声信号强度在每个1 kHz频段的不均等程度, 值的范围为0-1。Measures the evenness of the acoustic activity distribution estimating the Gini coefficient on the signal proportion in each 1 kHz band. Range = [0, 1]. 高值代表少数频段由高的声强主导; 低值代表多个频段被占据或者所有频段没有声学活动。High values represent high sound intensity in a restricted range of frequencies; low values represent either high or no acoustic activity across all frequency bins. Villanueva-Rivera et al, 2011 标准化声景差异指数(NDSI): 人造声(1-2 kHz)与生物声(2-11 kHz)频段间声信号功率的比率, 值的范围为-1至1。The ratio of signal power in the frequency bands between anthrophony (1-2 kHz) and biophony (2-11 kHz). Range = [-1, 1]. 高值代表高水平的生物声, 而低值代表人造声为主。High values represent higher levels of biophonic activity, and minimal noise in 1-2 kHz. 2012