| 假设 Assumption | 理论 Theory | 参考文献 Reference | 显性理论
Dominance | X染色体含有显性和隐性等位基因, 隐性基因在XY个体上暴露, 产生不育或不成活, 在XX个体中被显性基因掩盖。
The X chromosome has both dominant and recessive alleles. The recessive genes are exposed in XY individuals to produce sterility or infertility but are masked by dominant genes in XX individuals. | Muller, 1942 | | Faster-male | 由于精子发生在杂交种中容易受到干扰, 性选择可能使雄性表达的基因比雌性进化得更快, 导致杂交雄性不育比杂交雌性不育更常见。
Spermatogenesis is susceptible to interference in hybrids. Sexual selection could make the genes expressed in males evolve more rapidly than the genes expressed in females. This results in that the hybrid male sterility is more common than the hybrid female sterility. | Wu & Davis, 1993 | | Faster-X | 与常染色体相比, X染色体突变率更大, Ka/Ks比值较大。
X chromosome has a greater mutation rate and a larger Ka/Ks ratio than the autosomes. | Charlesworth et al, 1987 | 减数分裂驱动
Meiotic drive | 性染色体在减数分裂时因自私基因干扰, 偏离孟德尔遗传期望比例。
Sex chromosomes deviate from the expected Mendelian ratio during meiosis due to the interference by selfish genes. | Frank, 1991; Hurst & Pomiankowski, 1991 |
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