传粉昆虫下降背景下的授粉生态弹性: 内涵、机制和展望

谢正华, 王有琼, 曹军, 王健敏, 安建东

Ecological resilience of pollination in the face of pollinator decline: Content, mechanism and perspective

Zhenghua Xie, Youqiong Wang, Jun Cao, Jianmin Wang, Jiandong An

图4 响应多样性引起授粉生态弹性的机制示意图。假设传粉功能团在个体大小和巢穴位置等响应性状方面表现出多样性, 不同个体大小的传粉昆虫(A)对自然生境的空间响应尺度存在差异, 个体大的传粉昆虫响应尺度大于个体小的传粉昆虫(B)。同时, 不同巢穴位置的传粉昆虫(C)种群数量对自然生境呈现不同的响应规律, 部分传粉昆虫种群数量随自然生境百分率的下降而下降, 但其他传粉昆虫种群数量保持不变甚至增长(D)。传粉功能团的响应多样性可能通过效应多样性调节传粉功能, 使植物柱头花粉沉降数量保持不变, 形成授粉生态弹性(E)。

Fig. 4 Conceptual diagram showing the mechanical effect of response diversity on ecological resilience of pollination. Pollinators are supposed to be different in body size and nesting site. The pollinators with different body sizes (A) respond to natural habitats at different spatial scales, with a relatively large scale of effect for the large pollinators compared to a relatively small scale of effect for the smaller pollinators (B). Meanwhile, the pollinators with different nesting sites (C) respond differently to the natural habitats, with a decrease of populations for most pollinators along the loss of semi-natural habitats but an increase or stability of populations for other pollinators (D). Response diversity can affect ecosystem pollination functioning through effect diversity. The overall pollen numbers delivered by pollinators keep the same. The pollinator communities have the ecological resilience of pollination (E).