国家公园生态系统完整性的内涵及评价框架: 以东北虎豹国家公园为例

蒋亚芳, 田静, 赵晶博, 唐小平

The connotation and assessment framework of national park ecosystem integrity：A case study of the Amur Tiger and Leopard National Park

Yafang Jiang, Jing Tian, Jingbo Zhao, Xiaoping Tang

表2 国家公园生态系统完整性评价打分系统*

Table 2 The scoring system of ecosystem integrity assessment of national parks*

指标 Index 等级划分规则 Ranking rules 优秀 Excellent (Score: 1) 良好 Good (Score: 0.6) 一般 Fair (Score: 0.3) 1. 生态系统结构和过程 Ecosystem structure and processes 食物链(网)完整性 Food chain (web) integrity 具有至少一条包含顶级食肉动物的完整食物链, 各类生态系统间构成复杂食物网; 生态系统结构极稳定 At least one complete food chain with top carnivore, complex food web among various ecosystems; ecosystem structure highly stablized 缺少包含顶级食肉动物的完整食物链, 但各类生态系统间构成食物网复杂; 生态系统结构较稳定 No complete food chain with top carnivore, but there is a complex food web among various ecosystems; ecosystem structure fairly stablized 缺少包含顶级食肉动物的完整食物链, 且各生态系统间仅构成简单的食物网; 生态系统结构稳定性一般 No complete food chain with top carnivore, with very simple food web among ecosystems; ecosystem structure not stablized 伞护种、旗舰种栖息地完整性 Habitat integrity of umbrella and flagship species 90%-100%的自然栖息地; 连通性极高 90%-100% natural habitat; extremely high connectivity 60%-90%的自然栖息地; 连通性较高 60%-90% natural habitat; relatively high connectivity 20%-60%的自然栖息地; 连通性低 20%-60% natural habitat; low connectivity 2. 生态系统功能 Ecosystem functions 生物多样性 Conservation of biodiversity 物种多样性/丰富度在参考值范围内; 指示物种未消失 Species diversity/richness within the reference standards; indicator species present 物种多样性/丰富度接近参考值; 人类活动对原生种构成威胁; 一些指示物种消失 Species diversity/richness near the reference standards; human activities pose a threat to native species; some indicator species absent 物种多样性/丰富度远低于参考值; 很多指示物种消失 Species diversity/richness are far lower than the reference standards; many indicator species absent 3. 生态系统空间格局 Ecosystem spatial patterns 代表性生态系统 Typical ecosystems 80%以上为区域代表性生态系统 Over 80% area covered with regional typical ecosystems 50%?80%为区域代表性生态系统50%?80% area covered with regional typical ecosystems 不足50%为区域代表性生态系统Less than 50% area covered with regional typical ecosystems 生态区位重要性 Importance of regional ecological value 同时位于国家“两屏三带”生态安全战略区和国家重点生态功能区, 生态区位极重要 Located in both National ecological security strategic area and National key ecological functional area, the importance regional ecological value is extremly high 位于国家“两屏三带”生态安全战略区或国家重点生态功能区中的一个, 生态区位较重要 Located in either National ecological security strategic area or National key ecological functional area, the importance of regional ecological value is fairly high 不位于国家“两屏三带”生态安全战略区或国家重点生态功能区, 生态区位不重要 Located in neither National ecological security strategic area nor National key ecological functional area, the importance of regional ecological value is low