| 生境变化 Habitat changes | |
温度/降水的变化
Changes in temperature or precipitation | 生境的可利用性、生物物候、种群的生长、繁殖以及迁移
Habitat availability, biological phenology, population growth, reproduction, and migration |
生境破碎化
Habitat fragmentation | 生存、繁殖、迁移、定植等
Survival, reproduction, migration, colonization, etc. |
侵蚀、滑坡、土地利用变化、富营养化
Erosion, landslides, land-use change, and eutrophication | 生境的可利用性、植被结构、种间关系
Habitat availability, vegetation structure, and interspecific relationships |
人为因素如滥伐、城市化、土地清理等
Artificial impacts such as deforestation, urbanization, land clearing | 生境的可利用性、植被结构、生存、繁殖、迁移、定植
Habitat availability, vegetation structure, survival, reproduction, migration, and colonization |
| 生物间互作 Biological interaction | |
传粉昆虫减少或环境变化导致植物花期与传粉昆虫活动时期不同步
Loss of pollinators or asynchronism between flowering period and pollinators’ activity period caused by environmental change | 繁殖
Reproduction |
种内竞争、共生生物的选择偏好
Intraspecific competition and preferences of symbiotic organisms | 繁殖
Reproduction |
外来种的入侵
Invasion of alien species | 种间关系、竞争强度、种群对生境的优先权
Interspecies relationships, competition intensity, and population priorities over habitats |
植食性动物的迁入
Invasion of herbivores | 生长、繁殖
Growth and reproduction |
| 遗传结构改变 Genetic structural changes | |
种群数量少, 分布范围狭窄
Small population and narrow distribution | 漂变、近亲交配
Drift and inbreeding |
等位基因丢失、近交衰退
Loss of alleles and inbreeding depression | 遗传变异丢失
Loss of genetic variation |