图3. 一个淡水沼泽湿地生态系统中产生的植物空间自组织格局与稳态转换。当系统中存在促进作用时可能同时产生多稳态和自组织空间格局特征。(A)和(B)分别是表1中模型2和3产生的稳态转换和规则空间格局。M和T为系统分岔点(修改自van de Koppel & Crain, 2006)。

Fig. 3. Spatial self-organization and alternative stable states of the plants in a freshwater wetland ecosystem. Facilitative effects may give rise to alternative stable states and spatial self-organization signature in ecosystems. (A) and (B) are regime shift and regular spatial patterns generated by the model 2 and 3 in table 1, respectively. M and T are bifurcation points (Adapted from van de Koppel & Crain, 2006).