生态系统的多稳态与突变

徐驰, 王海军, 刘权兴, 王博

Alternative stable states and tipping points of ecosystems

Chi Xu, Haijun Wang, Quanxing Liu, Bo Wang

表1 一个淡水沼泽湿地生态系统中产生的植物空间自组织格局与稳态转换的模型

Table 1 Theoretical model for a freshwater wetland ecosystem that has plant spatial self-organization and alternative stable states

模型方程 反馈机制 植被生物量模型1 Vegetation biomass model 1 $\frac{\partial P}{\partial t}=P\left( 1-P \right)-iWP-sP+{{D}_{P}}\Delta P$ 抑制 Inhibition 植被生物量模型2 Vegetation biomass model 2 $\frac{\partial P}{\partial t}=P\left( 1-P \right)\frac{P}{P+{{k}_{2}}}-iWP-sP+{{D}_{P}}\Delta P$ 促进 + 抑制 Facilitation + inhibition 植被生物量模型3 Vegetation biomass model 3 $\frac{\partial P}{\partial t}=P\left( 1-P \right)-\frac{{{k}_{3}}}{P+{{k}_{3}}}iWP-sP+{{D}_{P}}\Delta P$ 促进 + 抑制 Facilitation + inhibition 枯落物生物量 Wrack biomass $\frac{\partial W}{\partial t}=sP-bW+{{D}_{W}}\Delta W$