图1. 基于现代物种共存理论的入侵生态学概念框架。该框架认为入侵的成功和危害取决于外来种-土著种的生态位差异和适合度差异。其中外来种-土著种的生态位差异促进生物入侵但会降低入侵危害, 而外来种相对于土著种的适合度优势会同时促进生物入侵和加剧危害程度。修改自MacDougall等(2009)、Cadotte等(2018)和Li等(2019)。

Fig. 1. A conceptual diagram using modern coexistence theory as a framework for invasive ecology. According to the framework, the invasion outcome depends on both exotic-native niche and fitness differences. On one hand, increasing exotics-native niche difference promotes the success of the exotics but hinders their impacts on natives. On the other hand, fitness difference, here measured as the fitness advantage of invaders over the natives, could enhance both invasion success and their impacts on native species. Adapted from MacDougall et al (2009), Cadotte et al (2018), and Li et al (2019).