中国大陆自然保护地概况及分类体系构想

彭杨靖, 樊简, 邢韶华, 崔国发

Overview and classification outlook of natural protected areas in mainland China

Yangjing Peng,Jian Fan,Shaohua Xing,Guofa Cui

表2 基于IUCN保护区分类系统提出的中国自然保护地分类体系

Table 2 The natural protected area classification system based on IUCN protected area categories

IUCN保护区分类体系 IUCN protected area classification system. 对照类别 Control category 现有自然保护地归类 Existing natural protected area categories I: Strict Nature Reserve 严格自然保护区 Strict Nature Reserve 关键特征: 具有极高原真性和完整性的自然生态系统以及极高生物多样性价值; 区域内严格限制人为活动。 Critical features: Natural ecosystems with a high level of authenticity and integrity, high biodiversity value, and strict limits on human activities. 自然生态系统类型的自然保护区(包括森林、草原与草甸、荒漠、内陆湿地和水域、海洋和海岸带生态系统5个类型); 海洋特别保护区中的海洋生态保护区类型 Nature reserve protecting natural ecosystem (including five ecosystem types: forest, grass land and meadow, desert, inland wetlands and waters, marine and coastal zone); Marine ecological reserve in marine special reserve. II: National Park 国家公园 National Park 关键特征: 具有国家代表性的大面积自然生态系统; 可实现自然资源科学保护和合理利用的特定陆地或海洋区域。 Critical features: Specific land or marine areas which have large-scale natural ecosystems with national representation; and natural resources that can be scientifically protected and rationally used. 国家公园体制试点中将被正式批准的国家公园 National park pilots that will be approved as a formal national park III: Natural Monument or Feature 自然遗迹保护区 Natural Relic Reserve 关键特征: 地质遗迹或古生物遗迹 Critical features: Geological relics or paleontological relics 自然遗迹类自然保护区(包括地质遗迹类型自然保护区和古生物遗迹类型自然保护区); 地质公园 Nature reserve protecting nature relics (including geological relics and paleontological relics); Geopark IV: Habitat/Species Management Area 野生生物保护区 Wildlife Reserve 关键特征: 重点保护野生动植物的集中分布地及其生境 Critical features: The concentration area of key protected wild plants, animals and their habitats 野生生物类自然保护区(包括野生动物类型的自然保护区; 野生植物类型的自然保护区) Wildlife nature reserve protecting wildlife (including wild animals and wild plants) V: Protected Landscape/ Seascape 自然景观保护区 Natural Landscape Protected Area 关键特征: 拥有优美、突出的自然景观, 在保护自然景观和自然生态过程的同时, 可开展一定的观赏游憩活动。 Critical features: Areas with beautiful, outstanding natural landscapes and in the preservation of the natural landscape and ecological process, certain ornamental recreation activities are available. 风景名胜区(仅包括自然景观类); 森林公园; 湿地公园; 水利风景区(仅包括水库型、湿地型、自然河湖型); 海洋公园; 沙漠公园 Scenic and history area (including natural landscape); Forest park; Wetland park; Water park (Including reservoirs, wetlands and natural lakes); Ocean park; Desert park VI: Protected Area with Sustainable Use of Natural Resources 自然资源保护区 Natural Resources Protected Area 关键特征: 用于保持资源的可持续利用 Critical features: Maintain the sustainable use of resources 海洋特别保护区中的海洋资源保护区; 海洋特别保护区中的海洋特殊地理条件保护区; 水产种质资源保护区 Marine resources reserve in marine special reserve; Special geographic marine reserve in marine special reserve; Fishery genetic resources reserve