三亚珊瑚礁保护区珊瑚礁生态系统现状及其健康状况评价

孙有方, 雷新明, 练健生, 杨剑辉, 吴莹莹, 黄晖

Ecosystem status and health assessment of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve

Sun Youfang, Lei Xinming, Lian Jiansheng, Yang Jianhui, Wu Yingying, Huang Hui

表1 珊瑚礁生态系统健康评价指标的等级划分标准

Table 1 Criterion of coral reef ecosystem health assessment

一级指标 First assessment index 二级指标 Second assessment index 单位 Unit 权重 Weight 分级标准 Criterion Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅰ 造礁珊瑚 Hermatypic coral 造礁珊瑚覆盖率 Coverage rates of hermatypic corals % 0.3 ≤ 15 15-35 ≥ 35 造礁珊瑚种类数 Species number of hermatypic corals - 0.2 ≤ 10 10-20 ≥ 20 半年内死亡造礁珊瑚覆盖率 Coverage rates of dead hermatypic corals in half-year % 0.05 ≥ 10 2-10 ≤ 2 块状造礁珊瑚占比 Coverage rates of massive hermatypic corals % 0.02 ≥ 90 50-90 ≤ 50 鹿角珊瑚占比 Coverage rates of Acropora corals % 0.2 ≤ 10 10-20 ≥ 20 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index - 0.03 0-0.9 0.9-2.4 ≥ 2.4 造礁珊瑚补充量 Recruitment of hermatypic corals 个/m2 0.2 ≤ 5 5-20 ≥ 20 珊瑚礁鱼类 Coral reef fishes 珊瑚礁鱼类种类数 Species number of coral reef fishes - 0.35 ≤ 5 5-20 ≥ 20 珊瑚礁鱼类密度 Density of coral reef fishes 个/300 m2 0.25 ≤ 50 50-100 ≥ 100 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index - 0.1 0-0.9 0.9-2.4 ≥ 2.4 10 cm以上珊瑚礁鱼类占比 Coverage rates of coral reef fishes over 10 cm % 0.2 ≤ 1 1-3 ≥ 3 蝴蝶鱼 Butterflyfish 个 0.1 ≤ 2 2-5 ≥ 5 大型底栖动物 Macrobenthos 大型藻类与造礁珊瑚比值 The ratio of macroalgae to hermatypic coral - 0.3 ≥ 30 5-30 ≤ 5 长棘海星 Crown-of-thorns starfish 个 0.1 ≥ 5 0-5 0 核果螺 Corallivorous snail 个 0.1 ≥ 50 10-50 ≤ 10 海胆 Sea urchin 个 0.2 ≤ 5 5-20 ≥ 20 海参 Sea cucumber 个 0.05 ≤ 5 5-20 ≥ 20 砗磲 Giant clam 个 0.2 ≤ 1 1-5 ≥ 5 龙虾 Lobster 个 0.05 0 1-2 ≥ 2 赋值 Assignment 10 50 100