Biodiv Sci-Forthcoming Articles Forthcoming Articles https://www.biodiversity-science.net EN-US https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/current.shtml https://www.biodiversity-science.net 5 <![CDATA[Analysis of the main elements and implications of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework]]> Background: The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted a new global biodiversity strategy—the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). The following five packages were also adopted: Monitoring Framework; Mechanisms for Planning, Monitoring, Reporting and Review; Resource Mobilization; Capacity-Building and Development, Scientific and Technological Cooperation; and Genetic Resources Digital Sequence Information. Parties to the Convention need to implement the Kunming Montreal Framework and its package of outcomes domestically. 

Analysis: In order to facilitate China’s implementation of the KMGBF, the article briefly reviews the development process of the KMGBF and its package of outcomes, interprets the main contents of the KMGBF and related package outcomes, comments on the global and national impact of the KMGBF, and puts forward suggestions on how to implement the KMGBF in China. 

Recommendations: Updating and revising the national biodiversity strategic action plan, formulating laws and policies to promote biodiversity mainstreaming, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of national implementation progress, promoting the development of biodiversity financing tools, and establishing partnerships with broad participation by the entire society.

]]>
<![CDATA[Investigation on beetle trade of e-commerce platform in China<span>—</span>The risks of biological invasion and species endangerment]]> Background: Beetles are one of the most diverse and species-rich groups in animals. Many of them have commercial values as collection or pets except their important roles in scientific research. There is, however, little knowledge about the beetles’ trade in China via the popular e-commerce platforms.  

Methods: In this study, we investigated the trade form and quantity of beetles deals through the platforms in two years (October 2018–October 2020).

Results: The results showed that the dominated forms for beetle trades were specimens and living bodies dealing. There are 486 species belonging to 234 genera in 24 families on the online categories, with a total transaction amount of about 189,407,277RMB. Among of them, 13 families and 175 genera, including 355 species are involved in the specimen deal. Living beetle transactions covered 157 species belonging to 98 genera within 21 families, in which includes 6 invasive species in 6 genera of 4 families and 15 agricultural and forestry pests in 15 genera of 11 families. Besides, 7 species belonging to 5 genera, 4 families are on the “The list of National Key Protected Wild Animals in China”; one species is on the “List of CITES Appendix II”; 15 species within 10 genera, 5 families are included in the “The List of National Protected Terrestrial Wild Animals with Benefits or Important Economic and Scientific Values in China”.

Conclusion: The trade of living beetles, especially from overseas, could bring out the biological invasion, pest damage and pathogen transmission, or highly increase the risk of losing genetic diversity for endemic species, even cause the local species extinction. As a summary, our suggestions are presented on supervising the beetle trade through the e-commerce platforms.

]]>
<![CDATA[Research advances on the ecology of <em>Sousa chinensis</em>]]> Background: The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) has been listed as the Grade 1 National Key Protected Animal in China. As the top predator of the inshore marine food chain, S. chinensis is an indicator species of the health status of the inshore ecosystem. Due to the important ecological, scientific and cultural values, it is also used as the flagship species for marine biodiversity conservation. Since the 1990s, the studies on S. chinensis had gradually risen, and developed to a new period in recent years due to the application of 3S (RS, GPS, GIS), ecological models, and molecular biological techniques.
Summary & Aims: We summarized the studies of S. chinensis from the aspects of population ecology, behavioral ecology, molecular ecology and the threats that the species faced so far, aiming to clarify the advances in the ecological studies and the contributions to conservation of S. chinensis.
Perspectives: Future ecological research perspectives of S. chinensis are also proposed, which could provide references for the future studies and conservation of this species.

]]>
<![CDATA[Whole genome resequencing approach for conservation biology of endangered plants]]> Background and Aims: Increasing attention is focused on global change and loss of biodiversity. Genetics is an important tool in the conservation of threatened species, which have greatly promoted our understanding of diverse areas in conservation biology. However, some key scientific issues in conservation biology, including evolutionary history, endangered mechanism, genetic basis of adaptive evolution and inbreeding depression, are remain to be understand. Spurred by technological advances in high-throughput sequencing, conservation genomics are developed by using of new genomic techniques to solve problems in conservation biology, providing new approaches to deep understanding of the key issues in conservation biology. This paper briefly summary the important research progress in the conservation genomics based on whole genome resequencing, aiming to promote the conservation biology of threatened plant in China.

Progresses: Whole genome resequencing, being the highest genomic resolution among of current methods in Conservation genomics, has made many significant advancements, including classification of phylogenetic relationships between unresolved taxa, the reconstruction of population structure, genomic diversity, demographic history, adaptive evolution and inbreeding depression. Based on these advancements, conservation taxa and conservation units were identified, the evolutionary history and endangered causes of species were revealed and the genetic basis of adaptive evolution and inbreeding depression were partly revealed.

Prospect: As whole-genome resequencing provides deep insights into the key issues in conservation biology, with the improvements of even higher throughput and lower cost, whole-genome resequencing will be a routine task in conservation biology studies.]]>
<![CDATA[Species and functional diversity of birds in Tibetan Plateau based on specimens in the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences]]> Aims: Species diversity and functional diversity are the two main research contents of biodiversity. Studying species diversity and functional diversity in different regions can provide important theoretical support for biodiversity conservation.

Methods: In this study, the birds in eleven eco-geographical regions of the Tibetan Plateau collected by the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences were taken as the research object, and the data of bird species and traits were combined to calculate 3 species α-diversity indices (species richness, Shannon entropy and Pielou evenness), 3 functional α-diversity indices (functional richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion), species and function β-diversity and their respective turnover and nestedness components. The relationship between species diversity and functional diversity was analyzed.

Results: The species α-diversity of birds was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest for the Tibetan Plateau. Functional richness and functional evenness showed clear spatial differences, and the average of species richness and functional richness were low in the whole region. Functional dispersion was higher in the whole region. Species β-diversity was higher than functional β-diversity, but both of them had high values. Species β-diversity was mainly composed of turnover components, and the proportion of nestedness and turnover components were similar in functional β-diversity. Functional richness was positively correlated with species richness and Shannon entropy. There was a significant correlation between species and functional β-diversity, and a significant correlation between the contribution ratio of species and functional turnover components.

Conclusion: The above results indicated that birds in the regions with higher functional richness occupied a larger functional trait space, while the higher functional evenness and functional dispersion indicated that birds could utilize food resources more evenly and effectively in these regions. The relationship between bird biodiversity and the ecosystem could be well characterized by combining species and functional α-diversity and β-diversity.]]>
<![CDATA[Pollination difference between <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> and <em>Apis mellifera ligustica</em> during the late autumn and winter in Xiasha higher education campus of Hangzhou city]]> Aims: The pollination behaviors of Apis cerana cerana (Acc) and Apis mellifera ligustica (Aml) have a significant meaning in maintaining ecosystem stability and improving crop yield and quality. However, the pollination behaviors of them are different. The aim of this study is to analyze the differences of pollinating habit and plant diversity between the two species under low temperature during the late fall and winter periods.

Methods: We observed the pollination process of Acc and Aml, and collected the pollen during the late fall and winter periods. The pollen morphology was analyzed by ordinary and scanning electron microscope, and further determined based on the gene rbcl amplified and DNA barcode. Finally, the diversity of pollinating plants was compared according to the pollen species during the late fall and winter.

Results: Both Acc and Aml can pollinate the local plants during the late fall and winter periods, but Acc had better adaptability and pollination frequency in the morning from 8:30 to 9:30 (P < 0.05). For different plants, Acc and Aml can pollinate many kinds of plant. Acc tended to collect pollen of Humulus scandens, Rosa chinensis, Eriobotrya laoshanica, and Hedera nepalensis var. Sinensis, while Aml was partial to collect pollen of Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Chrysanthemum boreale, and Zinnia baageana.

Conclusions: In general, Acc and Aml can pollinate many kinds of plant during autumn and winter, and Acc have more extensive plant source. The investigation of pollination diversity and differences between Acc and Aml during the late fall and winter periods will be helpful to study the pollination rules and preferences of honeybees, and provide theoretical for ecological protection in Hangzhou city.

]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of soil microbial community characteristics on soil multifunctionality in sand-fixation shrublands]]> Aims: Over the past 30 years, a range of ecological restoration measures such as aerial seeding and grazing prohibition have been conducted for desertification control in the Mu Us Desert, and significant vegetation greenness have been achieved in improving the regional ecological environment; however, the changes in soil multifunctionality after vegetation restoration are still unclear, in particular the influence of soil microorganisms on soil multifunctionality.
Methods: In this study, soils of shrublands established at the same time in the Mu Us Desert, which are dominated by Artemisia ordosica, Salix psammophila, Caragana korshinskii, respecitively, were investigated. Soil microbial community structure was determined using high-throughput sequencing, and soil multifunctionality was calculated by the Z-score method.
Results: There were significant differences in soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, microbial biomass carbon content, and microbial biomass nitrogen content among three shrub soils (A. ordosica shrubland > S. psammophila shrubland > C. korshinskii shrubland). Soil invertase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and multifunctionality were significantly higher in A. ordosica and S. psammophila shrubland than that in C. korshinskii shrubland. Soil microbial Shannon index in A. ordosica shrubland was significantly higher than that in S. psammophila shrubland and C. korshinskii shrubland. The net relatedness index of soil microbes in C. korshinskii shrubland was significantly lower than that in the other two types of lands. Shannon index, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity and network topology properties (nodes, edges, linkage density) in the three shrublands and the net relatedness index in C. korshinskii shrubland were positively correlated with soil multifunctionality. Soil microbial network topological properties, species diversity, and phylogenetic diversity explained 24.46%, 19.72%, and 5.92% of the variation in soil multifunctionality, respectively. Structural equation modeling showed that soil microbial diversity increased soil multifunctionality indirectly by promoting network structure.
Conclusion: The results show that different shrub soils have different effects on soil microorganisms and multifunctionality, and soil microbial diversity influence soil ecosystem functions mainly through positive regulation of microbial interspecific relationships. The results of the study help to understand the effects of different vegetation restoration measures on soil functions from the perspective of soil microorganisms, and can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of plant species for desertification control.]]>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"> <p class="1" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;"> Convention on Biological Diversity: The current status, ongoing challenges, and future prospects of marine biodiversity conservation ]]>

Aims:Marine biodiversity conservation has been an ongoing and important topic of focus at the Convention on Biological Diversity. The developmental context of issues along with changes in the conservation situation were discussed and analyzed, with the aim to identify the challenges facing marine biodiversity conservation. Based on these discussions, recommendations for future efforts will be provided.

Review Results: Based on review of scientific literature and application of international assessment processes such as the Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, we found that significant progress has been made towards field work and the strategic goals of marine biodiversity conservation. But, we also identified the ongoing main challenges for marine biodiversity conservation, namely: (1) insufficient political will and action by all parties and stakeholders, (2) insufficient identification of global marine protected areas, and low protection effectiveness, (3) insufficient sources of funds, and (4) lack of cooperation for marine biodiversity protection.

Recommendations: It is recommended to consider strengthening the formulation of protection policies concerning marine and coastal biodiversity conservation in the future; expansion of marine protected areas and increase in effectiveness of protection; strengthen resource mobilization and capacity building; and lastly, strengthen the cooperation between international organizations with improved multilateral agreements.


]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of protection effects and spillover/leakage effects of National Nature Reserve Group of Funiu Mountain area in Henan Province based on NPP and human disturbance index]]> Method: In this study, three national nature reserves (Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Baotianman National Nature Reserve, and Nanyang dinosaur eggs fossil cluster National Nature Reserve) in Funiu Mountain were considered. The propensity score matching model and average treatment effects were used to evaluate the effectiveness of protection and spillover/leakage effects of NPP and resisting human disturbance; results of a one-way analysis of variance were used to identify and discuss the main factors for these.
Results: (1) In terms of NPP, the protection effectiveness of Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve and Nanyang dinosaur eggs fossil cluster National Nature Reserve was significant from 2000 to 2010, with leakage and spillover effects, respectively. From 2011 to 2020, the protection effectiveness of Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve and Baotianman National Nature Reserve was poor, and leakage effects occurred. (2) In terms of resisting human disturbance, the effectiveness of Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve from 2000 to 2010 was good. However, the effectiveness of the Nanyang dinosaur eggs fossil cluster National Nature Reserve was poor. From 2011 to 2020, the three national nature reserves saw significant reduction in human disturbance, and spillover effects occurred. (3) When the NPP background value was low and the temperature and precipitation were high, the national nature reserves had better NPP protection effectiveness and were prone to spillover effect; when the population density was low and the GDP level was high, the national nature reserves had better effectiveness in resisting human disturbance and were prone to spillover effect, whereas the effectiveness was poor and prone to leakage effect. 
Conclusion: The protection effectiveness and spillover/leakage effects differed among different natural reserves in different periods in the Funiu Mountain area, and natural and socio-economic factors significantly impacted this. The propensity score matching model and spillover/leakage effects provide a new technical idea for the overall protection assessment of the nature reserves.

]]>
<![CDATA[]]> Methods: A common garden experiment was established to examine the diversity and community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of three Caragana from different provenances by using high-throughput sequencing techniques, which was subsequently correlated with the provenance climates and common garden soil properties to investigate how the environmental factor and genetic differentiation affect the rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacterial diversity and community structure.
Results: The present results indicated that the rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria of three Caragana species belonged to 6 phyla, 9 classes, 18 orders, 21 families, 33 genera and 72 species. Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were the main dominant phyla of the three Caragana species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil and Mesorhizobium, Azohydromonas and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant genera. There were no significant differences in the diversity and community of rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria amongthe three Caragana species, but significant differences in the α diversity index between provenances were observed in C. liouana and C. roborovskyi (P < 0.05). The community composition between provenances of C. microphylla and C. roborovskyi was also significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, redundancy analysis showed that soil pH of the common garden and mean annual temperature (MAT) of provenance were the dominant factors respectively affecting the diversity and community of rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the three Caragana species.
Conclusion: In summary, our results indicated that the common garden environment and genetic differentiation jointly shaped the variation of community diversity and of the rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria of Caragana species. This research can provide important theoretical basis and data support for the ecological adaptation mechanism and introduction and cultivation of Caragana.

]]>
<![CDATA[Population genetic structure of Pelteobagrus vachelli in the upper Yangtze River based on genome re-sequencing]]> Methods: We collected 136 samples of eight different river sections (Taipingxi, Banan, Hechuan, Minjiangkou, Yibin, Shaonvping, Huixi, Fengjiaping) from the Three Gorges Dam to Baihetan Dam in the upper Yangtze River. High-throughput SNP markers through genome re-sequencing method was used to study genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of P. vachelli populations.
Results: The number of SNPs and nucleotide diversity of Taipingxi and Banan populations in the Three Gorges Reservoir region were significantly higher than those in the other upstream populations, and there were three genetic branches and abundant genetic sources in the two populations.  However, there was only one genetic branch and single genetic source in Minjiangkou, Yibin, Shaonvping and Fengjiaping populations. The populations could be divided into three distinct genetic groups with great genetic differentiation. All individuals in Fengjiaping and Minjiangkou belonged to group1, all individuals in Shaonvping and Yibin belonged to group2, Huixi and Hechuan populations had two genetic background (group1 and group2), and Banan and Taipingxi populations had three genetic background (group1, group2 and group3). The SNP number and nucleotide diversity were significantly affected by channel slope. The genetic differentiation was not related to geographical distance and isolated time.
Conclusion: The upstream populations with lower genetic diversity are easier to genetic drift and thus needed more attention in the fish protection. There are three distinct genetic structures in the upper Yangtze River, which can be regarded as three different genetic units for management of germplasm resource.

]]>
<![CDATA[Research progress on ecological functions and community assembly of plant microbiome]]> Progresses: This review summarized the recent progresses on the diversity, composition, functions and mechanisms of plant microbiomes in regulating plant growth and development, promoting nutrient uptake, improving disease resistance and adaption to environmental stresses. We further reviewed the driving factors of plant microbiome community assembly, from the respective of host selection, environmental factors and microbial interactions. The complex plant-microbe interactions that shape plant microbiome community and regulate their beneficial functions for plants are highlighted.
Perspectives: We prospect that more research efforts will be put towards core microbiome mining, synthetic community construction and application, precise screening of plant genetic loci affecting beneficial microbe colonization, and unraveling plant-microbiome interaction mechanisms at the plant-microbial community level. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of plant microbial community assembly and ecological functions and the mechanisms is vital for future management and manipulation of plant microbiomes for ecosystem health and agricultural sustainability.

]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of protozoan community diversity and its drivers in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the wet season]]> Aims: The Yarlung Zangbo River is an important water system in China, and as a high-altitude river on the Tibetan Plateau, its special environmental conditions make its aquatic ecosystem valuable to study. In recent years, studies on the aquatic ecology of the Yarlung Zangpo River have gradually increased, but studies focusing on protozoa are rare. The aim of this study was to explore the community dynamics of protozoa in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River and its driving factors, and to provide basic data and decision-making references for further studies on the Yarlung Zangbo River as well as for the monitoring and conservation of the Tibetan Plateau water environment.

Methods: 18S rDNA High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the protozoa diversity, and the physicochemical factors were measured on site of water bodies at 28 sample sites in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River (Qushui County to Pai town) in July 2021 (wet season). The α-diversity of community was analyzed by Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index, richness index; the β diversity of community was analyzed by Jaccard difference index; Analysis of the interspecific relationships was analyzed by co-occurrence networks; the influence of physicochemical factors on the diversity of the protozoan community was studied by correlation and bioenvironmental (BIOENV) analysis.

Results: Cercozoa, Ciliophora and Dinoflagellata were dominant on both mainstem and tributary reaches. With regard to community diversity, Shannon diversity was significantly different between the main and tributary reaches; β diversity was dominated by the turnover component in both reaches, and there was a significant distance-decay trend in the protozoan community in both reaches. Protozoan species interactions are dominated by synergism. Electrical conductivity (EC), water temperature (WT), turbidity (TUR), and total nitrogen (TN) were the main environmental factors affecting α-diversity of protozoan communities; water temperature (WT) and altitude (ALT) were the main environmental factors affecting β diversity of protozoan communities. The main environmental factors affecting the protozoan communities in the tributaries were pH, water temperature (WT) and altitude (ALT) combinations, while the main environmental factors affecting the protozoan communities in the mainstem were electrical conductivity (EC).

Conclusion: Protozoan community diversity in the study area is spatially variable in two reaches of the mainstem and tributaries, β diversity is dominated by turnover components, and community similarity has a clear trend of geographical decay. The mainstem protozoan community is the most stable and sensitive to environmental changes. The dynamic changes in protozoan community diversity were the result of the combined influence of multiple environmental factors.

]]>
<![CDATA[Molecular dietary analysis of six sympatric small mammals at Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Sichuan]]> Aim: Revealing the mechanisms of occurrence and maintenance of species coexistence is of great significance for community ecology theory, which is one of the hot spot for biodiversity and conservation biology research. Niche separation is an important reason for the coexistence of sympatric species.  

Methods: To understand the coexistence mechanism of various sympatric small mammals, in present study, we investigated the dietary composition of sympatric six small mammals during summer at Laojunshan Nature Reserve, Sichuan using DNA Metabarcoding of stomach contents, and dietary diversity, niche breadth and overlap index between species were also calculated and compared. 

Results: The results show that: (1) Lepidoptera (RA: 3.76 ~ 42.33%; FO: 100%) and Diptera (RA: 2.59 ~ 62.63%; FO: 100%) were the predominant animal derived foods, Poales (RA: 0.02 ~ 45.33%; FO: 94.44%) and Fabales (RA: 0.19~ 38.95%; FO: 100%) taxa constituted the majority of plant derived foods, with inter-specific differences in relative abundance of these main food items. (2) There is a significant trophic overlap (Ojk = 0.63) of animal derived diet at genus level between Rattus tanezumi and Blarinella griselda. A certain degree of food niche overlap was found between the other four species, but there are also obvious differences in the composition and proportion of the predominant food items. (3) a certain inter-specific difference in alpha diversity of animal derived food between the six small mammals was detected, while almost no differences in alpha diversity of plant derived food were found between the 6 small mammals. Niviventer confucianus has the highest dietary diversity, with higher niches breadth (B: 8.2 ~ 11.1) of both plant and animal derived diets than those of the other five species. 

Conclusion: These results suggest that although the dietary composition of six small mammals overlapped, but they can reduce competition and achieve long-term coexistence through separating the proportions of the main foods intake. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of maintaining the diversity of various small mammal species at the Laojunshan Nature Reserve, and also informs ecological management of rodent-like animals in this area. Considering the limitations of size and time scale of sampling in this study, it is suggested to increase the time and space span of sampling when studying the coexistence mechanism of sympatric small mammals based on the trophic niche in the future, and larger sample size can better reflect the interspecific relationship.

]]>
<![CDATA[Research progress on the effect of intraspecific personality differences on seed dispersal in rodents]]> <![CDATA[Food source characteristics and diversity of birds based on feeding behavior in residential areas of Beijing]]> Aims:Urban area is an important habitat for birds. Residential green space plays an important role in urban green space, and it is also an important habitat for urban birds. The richness and quantity of food source are the limiting factors for birds to survive. Considering the food preferences of birds, this study aims to construct the food source relationship of birds in Beijing residential areas and explore the influencing factors of birds' feeding in residential areas. 

Method:Forty residential areas were selected as survey plots and surveyed monthly from June 2020 to May 2021. Generalized linear model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of bird feeding in residential areas, and linear regression was performed on the diversity index, abundance and distribution range of bird feeding sources. 

Results:(1) 2,242 birds (35 species, 14 families) were recorded for feeding behavior. Bird richness decreased with spring, autumn, winter and summer, abundance decreased with spring, winter, autumn and summer, and the Shannon-Wiener index decreased in autumn, spring, winter, summer. (2) The food sources of birds decreased in insects (33.87%), samara (18.33%), berries (9.77%), cones (8.16%) and grass seeds (5.17%). (3) The direct utilization of plants by birds was 60.4%, while the indirect utilization was 39.6%. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of food source plants decreased in autumn (3.1612), winter (2.9651), spring (2.9203) and summer (2.1763). (4) The species of food source is the most critical environmental factor affecting the birds feeding behavior in the residential areas. Birds with more abundant food source have larger populations and wider distribution range. 

Conclusion:The food source plants in the residential areas are characterized by rich and diverse types, covering the whole phenology from early spring to late autumn. It is necessary to plant more native tree species and fruiting plants, reduce hedgerows, and advocate near-natural management measures with low disturbance.

]]>
<![CDATA[The influence of fence on Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in southern foothills of Qilian Mountain]]> Aims: As one of the most important pastures in China, the Qilian Mountain is covered with fences. The fence is not only a valuable tool to manage and protect wildlife, but also a murder weapon that leads to the death of wildlife. Qilian Mountain as a biological diversity area, the fence on the Qilian Mountain has a great impact on wildlife, including Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the fence at the southern foothills of Qilian Mountain on the Black-necked Crane and provide a scientific reference for evaluating the fence system, and improving the quality of wildlife habitat in the southern foothills of Qilian Mountain. 

Method: From 2020 to 2021, our team installed a satellite tracker on a Black-necked Crane juvenile in the southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains. And monitor the status of the juvenile, if find that the individual activity is abnormal, immediately go to the abnormal point for investigation. Confirm the cause of death. The post-fledging period and the fully-fledged period of Black-necked Crane are confirmed by time-series clustering. Kernel density estimation (KDE) and Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) are used to estimate the home range and core area in fence habitats and no fenced habitats. Mann-Whitney U test is used to test the difference between fence habitat and no fence habitat in post-fledging period and fully-fledged period. 

Result: 1. The mortality rate of Black-necked Crane juveniles on the southern foothills of Qilian Mountain was 26.67% in 2020 and 20% in 2021. Among them, 50% of the deaths are caused by the fence, and the Luanhaizi wetland is the main death area. 2. The fence will not only cause injury or death to juvenile Black-necked Cranes but also significantly restrict the home range and core area of Black-necked Cranes in the post-fledging period. And the restriction will be greatly reduced in the fully-fledged period. 

Discussion: We suggest changing the fixed mode of the fence, reducing the production of barb wire. Besides, the old fence should be removed when the new fence is installed, and the new fence should be maintained regularly. Finally, the fence needs to be marked to reduce the collision between the Black-necked Crane and the fence.

]]>
<![CDATA[List and Its Revision of the Wild Woody Plants in Henan Province]]>