/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
Priorities for genetic resource collection and preservation of wild gymnosperms in Yunnan: an analysis based on the “3E” principle
Received date: 2010-08-25
Accepted date: 2011-02-23
Online published: 2013-12-10
The “3E” principle has been used to determine priorities for preservation of genetic resources in conservation and research projects. The three “E”s refer to Endangered, Endemic, and Economic. Here, we applied this principle to explore wild gymnosperm genetic resources (or germplasm resources) at the species (varieties) level occurring in Yunnan, and to determine their priority for preservation, research and management. There are 107 species and varieties of gymnosperms in Yunnan belonging to 10 families and 29 genera. Among them, 72 species were attributed to “3E” genetic resources. According to the “3E” principle, 9 species were defined as “highest priority” and should be urgently collected and preserved, i.e. Cephalotaxus lanceolata, Cycas revoluta, Podocarpus forrestii, Cycas debaoensis, Juniperus baimashanensis, Pinus squamata, Cycas hongheensis, Juniperus chengii, and Pinus wangii. Forty species were classified as “priority” for collection and preservation, e.g. Abies ferreana, Picea brachytyla, Abies nukiangensis, Cycas tonkinensis, etc. There are a multitude of in situ and ex situ conservation and cultivation methods that can help to conserve these genetic resources. Finally, we discussed the contents and merits of the “3E” principle, and concluded that the principle is a scientific and rational way in which to evaluate the genetic resources contained within this group of gymnosperms. The principle can be adopted in efforts for the collection, conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources.
Key words： 3E principle; genetic resources preservation; priority taxa; gymnosperm
Tiancai Huang , Chunlin Long . Priorities for genetic resource collection and preservation of wild gymnosperms in Yunnan: an analysis based on the “3E” principle[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2011 , 19(3) : 319 -326 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08206
| [1] | Bennett M (2001) Targeting seed collection. Kew Scientist, 20, 3-4. |
| [2] | Clement ZC (2006) The Malawi MSBP Newsletter, pp. 1-4. The National Research Council of Malawi, Lilongwe. |
| [3] | Fang YP (方元平), Xiang J (项俊), Hu Y (胡扬), Fu DA (付德安) (2008) Quantitative assessment of priority for conservation of the national protected plants in Dabieshan, eastern Hubei. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 28, 380-384. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [4] | Guo HJ (郭辉军), Long CL (龙春林) (1998) Biodiversity of Yunnan (云南的生物多样性), p. 113. Yunnan Science & Technology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese) |
| [5] | Huang YY (黄玉源) (2001) Phylogenetic Classification and Evolution of Cycadaceae Plants in China (中国苏铁科植物的系统分类与演化研究), pp.1-17. China Meteorological Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [6] | Jiang ZG (蒋志刚) (2000) Endangered species criteria and species conservation. Bulletin of Biology (生物学通报), 35(9), 1-5. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [7] | Kruckeberg AR, Rabinowitz D (1985) Biological aspects of endemism in higher plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16, 447-479. |
| [8] | Lawler JJ, White D, Sifneos JC, Master LL (2003) Rare species and the use of indicator groups for conservation planning. Conservation Biology, 17, 875-882. |
| [9] | Li N (李楠) (1995) Studies on the geographic distribution, origin and dispersal of the family Pinaceae Lindl. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 33, 105-130. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [10] | Liu ZL (刘增力), Fang JY (方精云), Piao SL (朴世龙) (2002) Geographical distribution of species in genera Abies, Picea and Larix in China. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 57, 577-586. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [11] | Li YY (李玉媛) (2005) National Protected Wild Plants in Yunnan (云南国家重点保护野生植物), pp. 39-314. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese) |
| [12] | Long CL, Cai K, Marr K, Guo XR, Ouyang ZQ (2003b) Lacquer-based agroforestry system in western Yunnan, China. Agroforestry Systems, 57, 109-116. |
| [13] | Long CL, Fox J, Lu X, Gao LH, Cai K, Wang JR (1999) State policies, markets, land-use practices, and common property: fifty years of change in a Yunnan village, China. Mountain Research and Development, 19, 133-139. |
| [14] | Long CL, Li H, Ouyang ZQ, Yang XY, Li Q, Trangmar B (2003a) Strategies for agrobiodiversity conservation and promotion: a case from Yunnan, China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 1145-1156. |
| [15] | Long CL, Li R (2004) Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants used by the red-headed Yao people in Jinping, Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90, 389-395. |
| [16] | Long CL (龙春林), Yang XY (杨湘云) (2009) The Noah’s Ark for wild germplasm resources. Life World (生命世界), (6), 26-29. (in Chinese) |
| [17] | Long CL (龙春林), Zhang FY (张方玉), Pei SJ (裴盛基), Chen SY (陈三阳) (1999) Impacts of traditional culture of Yi nationality upon biodiversity in Zixishan Mountain in area, Yunnan. Chinese Biodiversity (生物多样性), 7, 245-249. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [18] | Long CL, Zhou YL (2001) Indigenous community forest management in Jinuo people’s swidden agroecosystems in SW China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 756-768. |
| [19] | Mace GM, Lande R (1991) Assessing extinction threats: toward reevaluation of IUCN threatened species categories. Conservation Biology, 5, 148-157. |
| [20] | Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858. |
| [21] | Nelson K, Sullivan TA (1993) New criteria for listing species in the CITES appendices. Species, 20, 15-17. |
| [22] | Noss RF, Cooperrider AY (1994) Saving Nature’s Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington, DC. |
| [23] | Olson D, Dinerstein E (1998) The Global 200: a representation approach to conserving the earth’s most biological valuable ecoregions. Conservation Biology, 12, 502-208. |
| [24] | Palmberg-Lerche C, Iversen PA, Sigaud P (2002) Forest Genetic Resources, No.30, pp 1-70. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. |
| [25] | Pei SJ (裴盛基), Long CL (龙春林) (1998) Applied Ethnobotany (应用民族植物学), pp. 70-86. Yunnan Nationality Press, Kunming. (in Chinese) |
| [26] | Pritchard HW, Linington SH (2002) Tree seeds and the millennium seed bank project. In: Forest Genetic Resources, No. 30 (eds Palmberg-Lerche C, Iversen PA, Sigaud P), pp.27-30. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. |
| [27] | Pu YS, Zhang ZY, Pu LN, Hui CM (2007) Biodiversity and its fragility in Yunnan, China. Journal of Forestry Research, 18, 39-47. |
| [28] | Rao RR (1996) Traditional knowledge and sustainable development: key role of ethnobiologists. Ethnobotany, 8, 14-24. |
| [29] | Richardson IRK (1978) Endemic taxa and the taxonomist. In: Essays in Plant Taxonomy (ed. Street HE), pp. 245-262. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco. |
| [30] | Richardson JE, Michael FF, Quentin CBC, Mark WC (2004) Genetics of the Endemic Species of Rhamnaceae from St Helena, the Tristan Da Cunha Group and New Amsterdam: Implications for Their Conservation, pp. 1-31. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond. |
| [31] | Scott JM, Davis F, Csuti B, Noss R, Butterfield B, Grover C, Anderson H, Caicco S, Erchia FD, Edwards TC, Ulliman JJ, Wright RG (1993) Gap analysis: a geographic approach to protection of biological diversity. Wildlife Monographs, No. 123, pp. 3-41. Allen Press, Kansas. |
| [32] | Sigaud P, Luhanga J (2000) SADC sub-regional workshop on forest and tree genetic resources. Forest Genetic Resources, No. 28. pp. 41-44. FAO, Rome, Italy. |
| [33] | SSC/IUCN (2003) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria at Regional Levels (Version 3.0). IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. |
| [34] | SSC/IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). IUCN Publications Services Unit. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. |
| [35] | Wang HS (王荷生) (2000) The distritution patterns and floristic analysis of family Pinaceae of China. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 20, 12-18. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [36] | Wang S (汪松), Jie Y (解焱) (2004) China Species Red List (Vol.I) (中国物种红色名录(第一卷)), pp.1-8, 300-309. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [37] | Wu ZY (吴征镒) (1984) Index Florae Yunnanensis (Tomus 1) (云南种子植物名录) (上册). Yunnan People’s Publishing House, Kunming. (in Chinese) |
| [38] | Xia B (夏冰), Chen CM (陈重明), Guo ZR (郭忠仁) (2006) Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants (民族植物学和药用植物), pp. 191-202. Southeast University Press, Nanjing. (in Chinese) |
| [39] | Xue DY (薛达元), Jiang MK (蒋康明), Li ZF (李正方), Huang ZY (黄致远), Zong SX (宗世贤), Yang KH (杨开红) (1991) Study on the grading indexes for the rare and endangered plants in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. China Environmental Science (中国环境科学), 11, 161-166. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [40] | Xu HG, Wang SQ, Xue DY (1999) Biodiversity conservation in China: legislation, plans and measures. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 819-837. |
| [41] | Yang YM, Tian K, Hao JM, Pei SJ, Yang YX (2004) Biodiversity and biodiversity conservation in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13, 813-826. |
| [42] | Yu YF (于永福) (1995) Origin, evolution and distribution of the Taxodiaceae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 33, 362-389. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [43] | Zhang XY (张小勇) (2007) Genetic obtain and access and benefit sharing legislation research in China. Journal of Northwest University Politics Science and Law(西北政法大学学报), (1), 142-157. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |