Aims: Population dynamics analysis is a crucial basis for formulating conservation strategies of endangered species. The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) is an endemic amphibian in China, and the status of its wild populations remains unclear. Through population dynamics analysis, this study aims to provide a basis for the conservation strategies of the Chinese giant salamander. 

Methods: This study investigates the population of Andrias davidianus within the Zhangjiajie National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province, China. It integrates field survey data obtained from 2006 to 2021 and is complemented by comprehensive stock enhancement and release statistics spanning from 2000 to 2024. Utilizing population growth models, the study examines the population dynamics, carrying capacity, and the efficacy of stock enhancement measures for the Chinese giant salamander population. 

Results: The results show that: (1) The average annual population growth rate is 0.1722 ± 0.0324, with a carrying capacity (K) value of 51,190 individuals. The current population is in an exponential growth phase. (2) There is a highly significant difference in population growth curves between stock enhancement and non-stock enhancement scenarios. In the non-stock enhancement scenario, the instantaneous growth rates in the exponential and Logistic growth functions decreased by 16.27% and 32.11%, respectively. 

Conclusion: This study is based on phased population survey data of the Chinese giant salamander and employs population growth models for simulation and analysis. It explores the feasibility of using population growth models in analyzing population dynamics and quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of conservation efforts. The findings can provide a basis for formulating conservation strategies for endangered species. Stock enhancement has a significant effect on the recovery of the wild population of the Chinese giant salamander. Based on the current stock enhancement volume, the population size is projected to reach the peak of the carrying capacity in 40 years. Considering the current population growth rate, population growth trajectory, and environmental carrying capacity, Continuous stock enhancement measures should be implemented, and individuals for stock enhancement should be selected based on river systems and genetic lineages, with offspring from local broodstock as the source of stock enhancement individuals. This approach can prevent genetic mixing in wild populations and ensure stable population growth. Additionally, protection and restoration efforts should be focused on breeding sites. This study offers valuable guidance for the analysis of population dynamics, the assessment of conservation effectiveness, and the development of conservation strategies for the Chinese giant salamander and other endangered species.