Species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi and the influencing factors in the Southern Gaoligong Mountains
- 1 Institute of Biological Resources of Gaoligong Mountains, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
2 Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Gaoligong Mountains, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
3 School of Economics and Management, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
Received date: 2024-06-11
Accepted date: 2024-09-09
Online published: 2024-12-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060638);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160078);Middle-Young Aged Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talents Projects of Yunnan, China(202205AC160061);Construction Projects about the Key Laboratory of Entomogenous Fungi Resources Conservation and Green Development in the Gaoligong Mountains;Yunnan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Mountainous Agricultural Ecosystem in the Lower Nu River
Abstract
Aims: The Southern Gaoligong Mountains is characterized by a distinct stereoscopic climate, complex and diverse habitats, and high biodiversity. However, relatively less attention has been paid to the entomopathogenic fungal resources. This paper aimed to investigate the entomopathogenic fungi resources in the Southern Gaoligong Mountains at different altitudes to explore the species diversity and distribution pattern of entomopathogenic fungi.
Methods: In order to isolate the strains of entomopathogenic fungi and identify their species, sample plots were set up every 100 m along the altitude gradient (700-3,100 m), and soil samples as well as infected insect specimens were collected from 2019 to 2021. The experimental region was divided into 5 altitude sections (I-V). Once data was collected, we analyzed the the species diversity and distribution characteristic of entomopathogenic fungi using α-diversity and its community structure using β-diversity. Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis were deployed to analyze the effects of ecological factors on the species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi.
Results: A total of 2,175 strains of entomopathogenic fungi were obtained from the Southern Gaoligong Mountains, belonging to 78 species in 20 genera of 5 families. Within this sample we obtained, 24 species and 1,331 strains of entomopathogenic fungi from soil samples, and 66 species and 844 strains of entomopathogenic fungi from insect samples. The species richness of entomopathogenic fungi (49 species) and strain number (766 strains) were the highest in the middle altitude section III (the wet evergreen broad-leaved forests in middle-mountain). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (2.686 and 2.677, respectively) and Simpson diversity index (0.884 and 0.876, respectively) were similarly highest in the middle altitude section II (subtropical rainforest) and section III. The Simpson dominance index ranked highest in (0.615) the section V (high-altitude), and the Pielou evenness index (0.790) ranked highest in section I (low-altitude dry and hot valley). The habitat altitude had significant impacts on the species diversity in both soil-derived and insect-derived entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the effect of soil temperature was greater on soil-derived entomopathogenic fungi, whereas air humidity had more impact on insect-derived fungi. Interestingly, soil pH had a relatively small impact on the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in this region.
Conclusions: It is also clear that entomopathogenic fungi resources are abundant in the Southern Gaoligong Mountains and are widely distributed across various altitude sections.
Cite this article
Zihong Chen , Yifei Zhang , Kai Chen , Jianying Chen , Ling Xu . Species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi and the influencing factors in the Southern Gaoligong Mountains[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2025 , 33(1) : 24228 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024228
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