Abstract: The anthers of several rice varieties at the early stage of culture in vitro were treated with mutagens ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), 1-methyl-3-nitro-1- nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and ethylene imide (EI) at different doses (EMS: 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, ml/l, MNNG: 25, 50, 100 mg/l; EI: 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 ml/l) different temperature (8, 18, 27℃) and different duration (2, 4, 8, 10, 20, 30 hrs). It was observed that at lower dose and temperature, the mutagen treatment raised the induction frequency of callus, but it decreases rapidly with the increase of doses, temperature, and duration of mutagen treatment, and correspondingly, the percentage of albino plantlets increases with no obvious change in total differen- tiation frequency of calli.   

Key words: effects, chemical, mutagens, induction, variations

摘要： 用甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）、1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍（MNNG）和乙烯亚胺（EI）在3—4种不同浓度（EMS：2.5，3.5，4.5m1/1；MNNG；25，50，100mg/1; EI：0.25，0.5，0.75，1.0ml/1),不同温度（8，18，27℃）和不同时间（2，4，8，10，20，30小时）水平上处理离体培养早期的粳稻花药，观察到诱变剂在低剂量和较低温度下处理，明显提高花粉愈伤组织的诱导率；随着诱变剂剂量增加和温度增高，愈伤组织诱导率下降，在这种情况下，虽对愈伤组织总的分化率未见明显影响，但白苗所占百分数显著增加。在所诱导的120个花粉植株H2株系中，观察到有6个株系出现性状大突变，主要是株高、成熟期和结实率的变异，变异的性状基本是稳定的并能够遗传。未经诱变剂处理所培养的花粉植株H2株系，未见性状大突变出现。

关键词: 化学诱变剂, 粳稻, 诱导, 分化, 变异